Probleemanalyse van essentieel belang Essay Example

Probleemanalyse van essentieel belang Essay Probleemanalyse Inleiding Bij het opstarten van een undertaking is een probleemanalyse new wave essentieel belang. Na warmed bestuderen van warmed probleem en de vragen van de opdrachtgever, wordt een helder en duidelijk managementprobleem geformuleerd. Naast de opdracht formuleer je wat je gaat onderzoeken, operation welke manier je advanced audiotape gaat doen en waarom. De onderdelen dice in de probleemanalyse aan body komen zijn het managementprobleem, het onderzoeksprobleem, componenten, de onderzoeksdoelstelling gevolgd entryway de onderliggende onderzoeksvragen en operation het einde het theoretisch kader, waar alle begrippen en theorie A ; euml ; n in vermeld worden. De probleemanalyse wordt aangeboden aan de opdrachtgever, kick the bucket de examine goed-of afkeurt. Bij goedkeuring aanvaardt de opdrachtgever dat het projectteam de opdracht gaat uitvoeren. Managementprobleem De NHTV global hogeschool Breda is een allround kennisinstituut operation het gebied van recreatie en toerisme. De NHTV leidt niet alleen ( bury ) nationale studenten operation, maar organiseert ook congressen en neemt deel aan workshops en courses over de hele wereld. We will compose a custom exposition test on Probleemanalyse van essentieel belang explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Probleemanalyse van essentieel belang explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Probleemanalyse van essentieel belang explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer De missie van de hogeschool luidt ALSs volgt: NHTV wil een bijdrage leveren aan de maatschappij entryway in nauwe samenwerking met de internationale werkvelden ( jonge ) mensen operation Te leiden tot verantwoordelijke experts voor een globaliserende werk-en kennisomgeving. De instelling wil medewerkers en studenten inspireren en uitdagen Hun talenten optimaal Te ontwikkelen, Hun kennis en kunde Te integreren en deze ALSs expert of ALSs wetenschapper operation excellente en duurzame wijze toe Te passen in de samenleving. ( NHTV, 2010 ) Daarnaast is de hogeschool nauw betrokken bij het internationale toerisme en recreatieve bedrijfsleven, vooral ALSs het gaat over innovatieve nut duurzame ontwikkelingen. De hogeschool is een entryway de World Tourism Organization gecertificeerde opleiding bite the dust serieus meedenkt over etnische vraagstukken in warmed internationale toerisme. Daarnaast is de NHTV nauw betrokken bij de Initiatiefgroep Duurzaam Uitgaan Toerisme ( IDUT ) . De opleiding Management Toerisme denkt erover om, in navolging new wave IDUT, een nieuw stage operation Te richten, namelijk het Internationaal Innovatieplatform Toeristisch Vervoer. De NHTV, de wereld, de toerist en de cowering hebben namelijk A ; eacute ; A ; eacute ; n donging gemeen: ze zijn altijd in beweging. Het probleem is real computerized audiotape Er een heldere visie operation toeristisch en recreatief vervoer ontbreekt. Niet eerder is nagedacht over of onderzoek gedaan naar aspecten ALSs ethiek, duurzaamheid, snelheid, prijs enzovoorts. Met het oog operation de ontwikkelingen naar een beleveniseconomie en zelfs een transformationele economie, wil het Internationaal Innovatieplatform Toeristisch Vervoer een visie laten ontwikkelen operation toeristisch-recreatief vervoer dice de balance vormt voor een betekenisvol belevingsconcept. Er wordt ALSs het product een creatieve en overtuigende vertaalslag gemaakt new wave de droom ( visie ) naar de daad ( build ) . Het idea dient vervolgens globaal getoetst Te worden operation ethische en duurzaamheidaspecten. Tot operation heden is er ook geen onderzoek gedaan naar nieuwe volggroepen dice aansluiten bij de producten en het build. Het is de bedoeling advanced audiotape A ; eacute ; A ; eacute ; Ns of meer volggroepen zich aantoonbaar aangesproken gaan voelen entryway de beleving dice deze producten oplevert. De karakteristiek new wave deze volgroepen dient operation balance new wave de waardegeori A ; euml ; nteerde way of life segmentatiemodellen gegeven Te worden. Daarnaast dient het belevingsconcept aantoonbaar geschikt Te zijn voor de ontwikkeling new wave een aantal verschillende en onderscheidende belevingsproducten. Daarbij dient A ; eacute ; A ; eacute ; n belevingsproduct operation hoofdlijnen uitgewerkt Te worden. Uiteindelijk zal aangegeven worden digger de betrokkenheid en/of following tussen volggroep en belevingsproduct entryway interactieve communicatie kan worden bevorderd. Daarbij gaat het om het regisseren van de communicatie. ( Handleiding CPO2, 2010 ) Onderzoeksprobleem Zoals in het managementprobleem beschreven staat, ontbreekt een heldere visie operation toeristisch en recreatief vervoer. De NHTV geeft de student Management Toerisme om dice reden de opdracht om operation balance new wave een persoonlijke visie operation toeristisch recreatief vervoer een sterk belevingsconcept voor een specifieke vorm new wave toeristisch-recreatief vervoer Te ontwikkelen, waaraan verschillende onderscheidende belevingsproducten gekoppeld kunnen worden en waardoor met naam te benoemen volggroepen zich aangesproken en verbonden voelen. Met de introductie van het belevingsconcept voor vakantievervoer dient de eerste publicatie new wave het Internationaal Innovatieplatform Toeristisch Vervoer gevoed te worden. De compacte vraag dice ik mijzelf bij spot undertaking heb gesteld luidt ALSs volgt: Scraper kan ik vanuit een persoonlijke visie komen tot een belevingsconcept? Om antwoord Te geven operation de bovenstaande onderzoeksvraag dient Er informatie Te worden verzameld over de various aspecten bite the dust bij dab undertaking new wave belang zullen zijn. Zo zal de aanbodkant van het toeristisch-recreatief vervoer in kaart moeten worden gebracht en dient Er onderzoek gedaan Te worden naar de inclinations en ontwikkelingen new wave toeristisch-recreatief vervoer. Daarbij zal Er gekeken worden naar de situatie operation smaller scale en meso-niveau. Aan de manus new wave de smaller scale break down dient Er in kaart Te worden gebracht wat de kernwaarden en motieven zijn, welke in verbinding staan met warmed toeristisch-recreatief vervoer. Een duidelijk beeld van de bovenstaande aspecten maakt het mogelijk een persoonlijk visie Te formuleren waarna je kunt komen tot een belevingsconcept. Componenten Om antwoord Te geven operation de onderzoeksvragen zijn een aantal deelstudies noodzakelijk om Te voorzien in de gedefinieerde informatie-nut adviesbehoefte. In de opstartfase diende iedere understudy een keuze Te maken tussen vervoer through land, H2O of lucht. De keuze is uiteindelijk gevallen operation de vervoerssector transport over H2O . De reden hiervoor is dat het transport over H2O, in tegenstelling tot andere toeristisch-recreatieve vervoersmogelijkheden een stijgende lijn Kent in warmed aantal passagiers. Daarnaast ontdoet het vehicle by means of H2O zich new wave zijn stoffige imago en hebben cruisemaatschappijen Hun point of convergence gelegd operation de bouw van innovatieve schepen en het aanspreken new wave nieuwe doelgroepen. Het ABCDEF-model loopt ALSs de rode draad entryway het conceptontwikkelingsproces heen. Deze methodiek is een uitbereiding new wave het conceptontwikkelingsproces en bevat de onderdelen: aandacht en examine, broeden en beleven, cre A ; euml ; ren van een build, structure new wave belevenissen, experience stage nut development. De ABCDEF-methodiek is kwalitatief van aard en gaat om het blootleggen new wave warmed Hart of de ziel en deze in conceptvorm Te vangen. Allereerst zal worden ingegaan operation een nadere uitwerking new wave de aanbodkant. Er dient onderzocht Te worden welke mogelijkheden reisorganisaties bieden, welke propensities en ontwikkelingen Er new wave toepassing zijn en waar de vervoerssector zich in onderscheid. Informatie hierover is te vinden operation the internet, in de databases van Tourpress en de Reisrevue. Daarnaast worden sites van touroperators en transportbedrijven geraadpleegt. Vervolgens zal worden ingegaan operation vraag-nut ( deels ) aanbodkant van toeristisch-recreatief vervoer over warmed H2O. Deze onderdelen bevat deelvragen dice het doel hebben de situatie operation large scale , meso-en smaller scale niveau Te beschrijven. De full scale omgeving zal beschreven worden aan de manus new waves het DSTEPJ-model en de meso-omgeving zal beschreven worden aan de manus new waves het ABCD-model. De smaller scale dissect maakt onderdeel uit new wave de vraagkant, waarbij gekeken wordt naar de kernwaarden en motivaties van reizigers. Bij de miniaturized scale dissect zal gebruik worden gemaakt new wave het Mentality-model new wave Motivaction, dice onderscheid maakt in verschillende sociale environmental factors. Daarnaast zal bij het onderzoeken van consumententrends publicaties en databases van Tourpress, Reisrevue, NBTC, TNS NIPO en de ANVR geraadpleegd worden. Theorie A ; euml ; n en begrippen betreffende visie, duurzaamheid en ethiek, idea en productontwikkeling and so on zijn te vinden in de literatuur van Nijs en Peters Imagineering , Rijkenberg Concepting en Boers en Beunders De andere kant new wave de vrije tijd . Onderzoeksdoelstelling Inzicht verkrijgen in de aanbodkant, patterns en ontwikkelingen en kernwaarden en motivaties van warmed toeristisch-recreatief vervoer teneinde een visie Te ontwikkelen operation toeristisch-recreatief vervoer dice de balance vormt voor een betekenisvol belevingsconcept. Inzicht verkrijgen in de aanbodkant, patterns en ontwikkelingen en kernwaarden en motivaties van warmed toeristisch-recreatief vervoer teneinde een sterk belevingsconcept voor een specifieke vorm new wave toeristisch-recreatief vervoer Te ontwikkelen, waaraan verschillende onderscheidende belevingsproducten gekoppeld kunnen worden en waardoor met naam te benoemen volggroepen zich aangesproken en verbonden voelen. Onderzoeksvragen Digger ziet het aanbodkant eruit van toeristisch-recreatief vervoer over warmed H2O? Digger ziet de situatie eruit operation large scale niveau? Digger ziet de situatie eruit operation meso-niveau? Digger ziet de situatie eruit operation smaller scale niveau? Theoretisch kader Het

Sanitation Facilities

Sanitation for the most part alludes to the arrangement of offices and administrations for the sheltered removal of human pee and dung. An improved sanitation office is one that cleanly isolates human excreta from human contact. Improved sanitation by and large includes genuinely nearer offices, less holding up time, and more secure removal of excreta. Poor sanitation is answerable for one of the heaviest existing illness troubles around the world. The ailments related with poor sanitation and risky water represent about 10% of the worldwide weight of disease.The most normal sickness of unforeseen weakness related with poor sanitation is a diarrhoeal illness. All around, around 1. 7 million individuals kick the bucket each year from diarrhoeal maladies, and 90% are kids under 5 years old, for the most part in creating nations. 88% percent of instances of diarrhoeal sicknesses overall are inferable from risky water, insufficient sanitation, and poor cleanliness. In this paper I will b reak down the financial advantages of sanitation, the monetary inconveniences, the connection between an ascent in GDP and the entrance to sanitation in areas everywhere throughout the world including Asia, Africa, Europe and North America.I will do this by examining informational collection bends which I have gotten from a different measure of sources, for example, national diaries, reports and articles identifying with this subject. I will utilize informational collections from the UNEP and doing different relapses. At long last I will be taking a gander at the Environmental Kuznets model to see whether it applies to this connection between financial development and the entrance to sanitation.According to 2010 figures, around 2 billion individuals don't utilize improved sanitation offices, 66% of which live in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. By taking a gander at Figure 1 we can see that it is in the created areas, for example, North America and parts of Europe where individuals have a decent access to sanitation, while then again it is the for the most part the creating districts, for example, Asia and sub-Saharan Africa with the poor access to sanitation. This figure as of now makes the connection between financial turn of events and access to sanitation enigmatically clear.The Asian and African locales would be a decent spot to examine this relationship much more intently; this is on the grounds that in the course of recent decades, nations in the Asian areas, for example, China have experienced an immense development in monetary development while then again there has been close to nothing or non-existent monetary development in the African districts. Asia is the world's quickest developing financial district. China is the biggest economy in Asia and the second biggest economy in the world.Moreover, Asia is the site of a portion of the world's longest financial blasts and by taking a gander at Figure 2 it is clear to see that in the course of recent decades there has been an emotional ascent in the GDP of Asia however next to no in the GDP of Africa. Presently by taking a gander at Figure 3 which is a diagram demonstrating the degree of improved drinking/safe water inclusion, improved as in drinking-water sources, for example, channeled water to the house or yard, open taps and water assortment. Improved sanitation offices including flush or pour-flush toilets associated with a channeled sewer system.By taking a gander at this we can see that in Asia there has additionally been a sensational ascent in the entrance to unpolluted water which is a positive connection to the GDP. I assembled the information which is on Figures 2 and 3 onto exceed expectations and completed a relapse investigation for the Asian area to help comprehend to what degree the quality in the connection between the needy variable (GDP) and the free factor (Sanitation) which is appeared on Figure 4. By taking a gander at the R squared we can see that this model has a solid illustrative force as it is near 1.According to the coefficient we can likewise observe that each time the GDP increments by $50billion, there is an expansion of right around 3. 4 million individuals with improved access to sanitation. Poor sanitation brings about a financial misfortune as it is connected with the expenses of treatment to sanitation related sicknesses and salary which is lost through profitability. Besides poor sanitation can likewise prompt lost time and exertion because of poor offices, lower nature of items because of low quality of water and obviously a drastically diminished salary originating from the travel industry as there is an extraordinary danger of disease.According to different examinations from the WHO (World Health Organization), there has been proof that there are colossal financial costs which emerge from the poor sanitation. At a worldwide level there is lost around $40billion every year because of poor sanitation; taking a gander at South Asia alone we can consider that to be places, for example, Indonesia, Vietnam and Cambodia there is lost around $10billion per year, the key effects of this came to fruition from unforeseen weakness and the travel industry, poor sanitation can influence everybody except particularly impacts the individuals who are poor(Hutton, 2007). A few investigations have likewise been directed to appraise the monetary expenses related with poor sanitation. In Ghana and Pakistan, for instance, the circuitous impact on youngster mortality of natural hazard has added over 40% to the expense of legitimately caused kid mortality. In the event that one considered the impact of such ailing health, they will have the option to see the enormous effect on weakening school execution and postponed passage into the work showcase, the expense would twofold to around 10% of the GDP.Improvement to sanitation can carry different sorts of advantages to an economy, one of which are the immediate advantages of fo restalling or maintaining a strategic distance from sicknesses as there would be no cash spent on human services treating patients with ailments because of sanitation. There will likewise be roundabout advantages, for example, a reduction in the measure of work days missing being wiped out and longer life, lastly and critically there will be a ton of time spared. As we have seen as of now, sanitation is likewise significant with regards to monetary development.In Africa numerous young ladies are passing on consistently as they are the ones which convey the dirtied water, they are additionally then compelled to drop out of training during adolescence years so as to care for their debilitated youngsters because of the contaminated water, this implies ladies can't be taught and they can even think that its hard to join the work flexibly. Each 10% raise in female education (because of expanded participation at school) a nation’s economy can develop by around 0.3% (Dollar et al, 1 999). As per Hutton (2008) there could be an expected that yearly ventures of around $27million in Tanzania and Vietnam would bring about advantages of around $70million for the wellbeing division alone. Hutton likewise assessed that there is a possibility to spare around $6billion in numerous pieces of Asia whenever improved sanitation can be presented. Generally speaking Hutton expressed that there are numerous expenses and advantages accessible anyway the advantages despite everything do overwhelm the costs.Moreover, the Disease Control Priorities Project as of late found that cleanliness advancement to forestall looseness of the bowels was the most financially savvy wellbeing intercession on the planet at just $3. 35 for each DALY misfortune turned away, with sanitation advancement following intently behind at just $11. 15 for every DALY misfortune turned away. This is to state that monetary development and sanitation without a doubt include a solid relationship inside each othe r; this can be appeared on the natural Kuznets curve.The Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) is a connection among pay and contamination which is conjectured to have a transformed U-shape. The possibility of a reversed U-molded Kuznets bend comes from the Kuznets' work in pay fairness (Kuznets, 1955). The EKC theory expresses that as pay builds contamination goes up at first however after certain time contamination in the long run decreases. Where contamination level is the most noteworthy is known as a defining moment. This at that point obviously applies to creating nations as they are the ones which have the more elevated levels of income.Looking at Figure 5 we can see that in Europe up to the year 2000 water contamination was on an ascent, anyway at some point in the year 2000 there was a defining moment where the contamination of water began to decrease. As indicated by the Kuznets bend, in the year 2000 the economies inside Europe created a specific GDP and a specific GDP for ea ch capita which prompted the decrease of the water contamination. As per Figure 6 in the year 2000 the defining moment on the Kuznets bend was at $18000 per capita, this is the degree of GDP per capita required in the European district so as to alter the course of water pollution.Looking back at Figure 5 we can likewise observe that in the North American area up till 1998 there was an expansion of water contamination anyway at some point in 1998, much the same as in Europe, people’s earnings were developing and GDP per capita was on an ascent. Taking a gander at Figure 6, as indicated by the EKC, GDP per capita in North America will be at $36000 which is the place there will be a defining moment. Both the EKC’s for Europe and for North America are appeared on Figure 7. This investigation plainly reveals to us that the connection between the two is trustworthy on the financial phases of development.In different districts far and wide there won't be a defining moment on the EKC as individuals don't acquire enough to have this impact, great sanitation offices are the principle manner by which water contamination can diminish, progressively created economies around the globe have the assets to put resources into great sanitation, anyway as we have talked about, the less evolved nations don't approach these sanitation offices along these lines their economies are vigorously affected and the assets for the innovation expected to give improved sanitation are difficult to find, subsequently these nations are on the upwards incline of the EKCmeaning they have not yet accomplished the GDP per capita so as to have a defining moment. I have meant to show the different manners by which sanitation is key to acceptable wellbeing and furthermore monetary turn of events. Given the information I have broke down, I can without a doubt express that the interest in improved

Comparative Essay - World Issu essays

Near Essay - World Issu expositions If we somehow managed to make a second to stride back and take a gander at the network that we are a piece of, what might we see? We would see a great many structures bringing in cash and giving occupations, partnerships adding to our locale. We would see individuals heading out to work regular, which gives a steady salary to the family with the goal that they will have the option to appreciate one more month of suppers and have a sense of security in the warm solaces of their homes. We would be special with the accessibility of medicinal services and instruction. The extravagances that we can acquire and appreciate are all around evolved than different countries, so why, with war, would we like to confine the development and improvement of different nations? Do we discover rush or fulfillment in accomplishing more prominent force and status? Our pioneers must impact to better their country with cash, attention to their kin, legitimization and sharpness for potential perils. All we demand that Congress be savvy with your cash, were going to ensure we spend enough to win this war. (Shrubbery: Saddam Throwing Last Chance Away) President George W. Bramble demands that so as to permit the persecuted individuals of Iraq, whose lives we care about, to live in opportunity and freedom, (Bush: Saddam Throwing Last Chance Away) the main goals is to freed Iraq of Saddam Hussein. Bramble likewise states, we dont accept opportunity and freedom are Americas blessing to the world. We accept theyre Almightys blessing to humankind. (Bramble: Saddam Throwing Last Chance Away) If this was the situation why not immediate more cash to more readily fabricate the world as opposed to utilizing cash for pulverization. Pentagon gauges state that an attack of Iraq could prompted the passings of 10 000 honest regular citizens. (10 Reasons To Oppose The War With Iraq) There are more noteworthy commitments that one can offer throughout everyday life, one that crushes this chance, ruins the opportunity of future turn of events. CBO evaluated that the... <!

Key Pieces of Types of Papers in College

Key Pieces of Types of Papers in College Many times you've been required to compose an essay and a research paper. Thus, don't just copy and paste essays and research papers that you will discover online. Get your ideal research paper the moment you will need. Definition research paper is a paper that supplies definition or basic info on the subject. When you have known the basic kinds of research papers, you're now prepared to undertake the job of writing your academic paper. Identifying what kind of research paper to use is critical because it will determine how you'll write your paper. It is crucial to know which sort of research paper is needed for your assignment, as each kind of research paper demands a different preparation. While the sort of research paper is usually mentioned in the paper. If You Read Nothing Else Today, Read This Report on Types of Papers in College Understanding the various types of term papers and their requirements will help you acquire the best grades throughout your time in school. When many men and women wouldn't care to understand about different varieties of research papers, students that are engaged in educational studies might need to take note for the reason that it assists in identifying your own personal writing and formatting abilities. There are various types of academic papers stu dents are anticipated to write. Students writing informative research papers should give as many details on the issue since they can. All About Types of Papers in College You may conclude the paper by presenting an overview of the findings and a suggested framework for additional study. You concentrate on the findings and conclusions of different researchers and make a personal conclusion about this issue. 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Washington v. Davis Supreme Court Case, Arguments, Impact

In Washington v. Davis (1976), the Supreme Court ruled that laws or procedures that have a disparate impact (also called an adverse effect), but are facially neutral and do not have discriminatory intent, are valid under the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution. A plaintiff must show that the government action has both a disparate impact and a discriminatory intent for it to be unconstitutional. Fast Facts: Washington v. Davis Case Argued: March 1, 1976Decision Issued:  June 7, 1976Petitioner: Walter E. Washington, Mayor of Washington, D.C., et alRespondent:   Davis, et alKey Questions: Did Washington, D.C.’s police recruiting procedures violate the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment?Majority Decision: Justices Burger, Stewart, White, Blackmun, Powell, Rehnquist, and StevensDissenting: Justices Brennan and MarshallRuling: The Court held that as the D.C. Police Departments procedures and written personnel test did not have discriminatory intent and were racially neutral measures of employment qualification, they did not constitute racial discrimination under the Equal Protection Clause. Facts of the Case Two black applicants were rejected from the District of Columbia Metropolitan Police Department after failing Test 21, an exam which measured verbal ability, vocabulary, and reading comprehension. The applicants sued, arguing that they had been discriminated against on the basis of race. A disproportionately low number of black applicants passed Test 21, and the complaint alleged that the test violated the applicant’s rights under the Fifth Amendments Due Process Clause. In response, the District of Columbia filed for summary judgment, asking the court to dismiss the claim. The District Court looked only at the validity of Test 21 to rule on summary judgment. The District Court focused on the fact that applicants could not show intentional or purposeful discrimination. The court granted the District of Columbia’s petition for summary judgment. The applicants appealed the District Court’s judgment on a constitutional claim. The U.S. Court of Appeals found in favor of the applicants. They adopted the Griggs v. Duke Power Company test, invoking Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which had not been brought up in the claim. According to the Court of Appeals, the fact that the Police Department’s usage of Test 21 did not have any discriminatory intent was irrelevant. The disparate impact was enough to show a violation of the Fourteenth Amendment Equal Protection Clause. The District of Columbia petitioned the Supreme Court for certiorari and the Court granted it. Constitutional Issues Is Test 21 unconstitutional? Do facially-neutral recruiting procedures violate the Fourteenth Amendment Equal Protection Clause if they disproportionately impact a specific protected group? The Arguments Attorneys on behalf of the District of Columbia argued that Test 21 was facially neutral, meaning that the test was not designed to adversely impact a particular group of people. In addition, they stated that the Police Department had not discriminated against the applicants. In fact, according to the attorneys, the Police Department had made a major push to hire more black applicants, and between 1969 and 1976, 44% of recruits had been black. The test was only one part of a comprehensive recruiting program, which required a physical test, high school graduation or an equivalent certificate, and a score of 40 out of 80 on Test 21, an examination which was developed by the Civil Service Commission for federal servants. Attorneys on behalf of the applicants argued that the Police Department had discriminated against black applicants when it required them to pass an exam unrelated to job performance. The rate at which black applicants failed the test compared to white applicants demonstrated a disparate impact. According to the applicant’s attorneys, the use of the test violated the applicant’s rights under the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment. Majority Decision Justice Byron White delivered the 7-2 decision. The Court evaluated the case under the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, rather than the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment. According to the Court, the fact that an act disproportionately impacts one racial classification does not make it unconstitutional. In order to prove that an official act is unconstitutional under the Equal Protection Clause, the plaintiff must show that the respondent acted with discriminatory intent. According to the majority: â€Å"Nevertheless, we have not held that a law, neutral on its face and serving ends otherwise within the power of government to pursue, is invalid under the Equal Protection Clause simply because it may affect a greater proportion of one race than of another.† When addressing the legality of Test 21, the Court chose only to rule on whether it was constitutional. This meant that the Court did not rule on whether it violated Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Instead, it evaluated the constitutionality of the test under the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. Test 21 did not violate the applicant’s rights under the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment because the plaintiffs could not show that the test: was not neutral; andwas created/used with discriminatory intent. Test 21, according to the majority, was designed to evaluate an applicant’s basic communication skills independent of individual characteristics. The majority opinion clarified, â€Å"As we have said, the test is neutral on its face, and rationally may be said to serve a purpose the Government is constitutionally empowered to pursue.† The court also noted that the Police Department had made strides to even out the ratio between black and white officers in the years since the case was filed. Dissenting Opinion Justice William J. Brennan dissented, joined by Justice Thurgood Marshall. Justice Brennan argued that the applicants would have succeeded in their claim that Test 21 had a discriminatory impact if they had argued on statutory, rather than constitutional, grounds. The courts should have evaluated the case under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 before looking to the Equal Protection Clause. The dissent also expressed concerns that future Title VII claims would be adjudicated based on the majority decision in Washington v. Davis. Impact Washington v. Davis evolved the concept of disparate impact discrimination in constitutional law. Under Washington v. Davis, plaintiffs would need to prove discriminatory intent if a test was shown to be facially neutral when mounting a constitutional challenge. Washington v. Davis was part of a series of legislative and court-based challenges to disparate impact discrimination, up to and including Ricci v. DeStefano (2009). Sources Washington v. Davis, 426 U.S. 229 (1976).

Flag Burning In America Persuasive Essa Essay example

Chantay Brooks PHI-105 November 16, 2014 Instructor Benjamin Perlin The American Flag can be seen in many public places. You see it in schools, government building, stores and hanging in our homes. Those stars and strips are a symbol of freedom to many people across the nation. But is also represents civil liberties that became the pillars this country was founded upon. Flag Burning should be legalized because it allows those who feel disenfranchised the freedom of speech, the Constitutional right to protest and in many important instances it holds no Anti –American sentiments. The desecration of the flag has been the topic of debate for many years amongst Judicial Court Justices. For years dating back to 1907, the U.S. Supreme Court†¦show more content†¦This brought on the Supreme Court striking down all laws banning flag desecration in 1989. Justice Brennan wrote â€Å"If there is a bedrock principle underlying the First Amendment, it is that Government may not prohibit the expression of an idea simply because society finds the idea itself offensive or disagreeable (civilliberty website, n.d) One cannot simply ban or outlaw a person’s right to exercise their ideas publically because it goes against the majority or popular belief. Taking away ones freedom of speech, you then take away the voice of a nation. You don’t have to always agree with the words, ideas or views someone expresses but you must give them the right to say it without repercussions. We recite the pledge of allegiance, not fully understanding what it means. The las t section of the pledge states â€Å"with liberty and justice for all†. (UsFlag.org, n.d) Which means, the freedom to live, speak and to carry on without fear or injustice. No matter the race, gender or ethnicity George Washington said it best, â€Å"if the freedom of speech is taken away then dumb and silent we may be led, like sheep to the slaughter.†(Washington, n.d line 31 ) This nation was built upon principles that we are all free. Free to live and exercise our rights to speak freely and protest as citizens without fear. The Constitution also allows one to peacefully

Financial Markets and Corporate Strategy †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Financial Markets and Corporate Strategy. Answer: Introduction The corporate veil is also known as the lifting the corporate veil or piercing the corporate veil which defines the rights in the corporation for the application of the liabilities of the shareholders. Sometimes for the beneficial reason the corporate need to operate with separate legal person then they owned the responsibilities where the debts has been incurred. It provide the limited liability of the corporation by the sole trader. Therefore as per the given case study, when Aussieair has formed a new company for the uplifting the corporate veil, they can able to gain the benefits and reduce the amount of the salary from their employees then they want to take legal actions against them. The old employees also offered for fresh job on the new company where they get the same amount of salaries. Now as they want to take legal actions against them for the issues. According to the case study, the issue is whether Aussieair is liable for offence with the employees of PNGair for not paying equal amount of salaries and conditions like Aussieair to their employees? According to the case study the directors of Aussieair has decided to reduce the salary payment of the employees. Another new company PNGair has appointed same employees with 25% less salary and benefits than Aussieair. The pilots and senior managers were paid in full salaries along their redundancy entitlements (Alstadster, Jacob and Michaely 2017). Therefore it can be stated that according to the Corporation Act the Sec- 184(1) defines the breach of duties of the directors. It is significant with the case studies because while inaugurate a new company the authorities of the Aussieair appointing the employees and pilots with more benefits and salaries. Whereas, they are reducing the salaries from the old companys employees and pilots while the directors are getting their proper salaries and share bonus. Here the directors has breach the duties (Grinblatt and Titman 2016). According to the corporate veil the company can take decision which is lawful for the company and provides the rights and liabilities of the shareholders. In this process of the corporate veil the company applies the corporation rules for providing the separate legal entity where the shareholders will pay the debts and individually it will pay the sole beneficiary according to the separate legal system. Therefore the limited liability will applicable on the separate legal entity (Alstadster, Jacob and Michaely 2017). The separate legal entity defines a complete individual debt rather than any other private debts where the company will not interfere I any private assets. In this part the shareholders can be liable for the separate rights ad liabilities. The application of the corporate veil is only applicable according to the order by the court. According to the Corporation Act 2001 section 135 defines the divisible rules of the companies (Baos-Caballero, Garca-Teruel and Martnez-Solano 2014). The company has a particular constitution where is they can replace the rules as per the property companies which is registered repealed the constitution according the provisions. The section 136 provides the constitution of a company. According to this section 8 company can adopt a constitution according the registration of the company and each of the member of the company agrees with the writing terms of the Constitution before they applied for the company and later after registration under the company they adopt another constitution or a court order where the company itself need to add up the constitutions (Alstadster, Jacob and Michaely 2017). The section 140 of Corporation act provides the effects of constitution and replaceable rules by the companies. In this section provides the legislations where the companys constitution and r eplaceable rules always make the application between the company and the members or the company and the directors or the come the members with another members of the company they've for each of the person of the company should observe the conditions of the rules and performed according to the constitutions if the members are not agree with the replaceable rules therefore they can also apply for the modification as per the Corporation Act 2001 (Grinblatt and Titman 2016). Therefore in this case study the company has introduced another company the replacing the rules by reducing the salary and not provide the remuneration amounts to the Employees. Therefore section 141 provides the legislations about the consequences of breach the section 140. Company was not bound to force any members to comply with the constitution but members can force company to comply with the constitutional provision that affect them incapacity as members because the members are following the constitution and as the company made the constitution therefore they are found to follow all the terms and functions (Alstadster, Jacob and Michaely 2017). In the case of Hickman v Kent or Romney Marsh Sheep-Breeders Association [1915] it has been found that companies are bound to follow their constitutions in this case the facts are highlighted on the proper interpretation of a companys articles where company member is bound by the terms of the constitutions there therefore the High Court h as ordered for a injunction regarding the case facts (Grinblatt and Titman 2016). The Sec- 254A defines the payment of the dividend amount to the shareholders where the directors has the duty to issue bonus, partly paid, preference and redeemable shares to the shareholders. The 254B of the Corporation Act defines the terms of the shares and Sec- 254C defines the no par value shares (Baos-Caballero, Garca-Teruel and Martnez-Solano 2014). The Sec- 254W defines the rights of dividend to the shareholders. Therefore according to the case study here, the board of the company has cut on the salary of 25% whereas; the new company employees are getting the same amount of salaries. It has been also found that the board of the directors is joining in the cost-cutting exercise and the enforced redundancy but they get their substantial remuneration increases and share bonuses. Therefore the pilots and other employees are bound to get the salary amount as per the companys constitution (Alstadster, Jacob and Michaely 2017). The directors can change their decisions in an Annual General Meeting. They can reduce the salary but must pay their dividend amounts. When the Board of Directors are getting their salary along with the dividend amount then it us the duty of the company to pay the dividend amount to the employees. In Strong v Brough Son case it was found that the directors have exercised their powers in the Annual General Meetings. Whereas, in the Automatic Self-Cleansing Filter Syndicate Co v Cuninghame case it was found that the shareholders are override the management decisions to get their share amounts. John Shaw Sons (Salford) Ltd v Shaw is another case which is similar to the Automatic Self-Cleansing Filter Syndicate Co v Cuninghame case (Baos-Caballero, Garca-Teruel and Martnez-Solano 2014). According to the case study, the Aussieair is a company which gives services of the charter flights for the military and the Department of Immigration of Australia. Recently they have applied for the commercial aviation license which will be providing the serves to the general public. Therefore after they get their license they register a new company named PNGair. Now the new company has appointed six directors where three of them from the old company and other three are new. The new company is following the guidelines of Aussieair along with every accounts detail and other guidelines where the old company interferes with the decisions. Now the pilots and senior managers now offered new jobs in PNGair along with new salary which is almost 25% less than the old company (Alstadster, Jacob and Michaely 2017). The corporate veil defines such process of paying the debts under a separate legal entity. The sole proprietor therefore pays the debts amounts separately. It is mostly affective where the business will entitles with the corporation according the limitation of the business, number of share holders, limited assets and the recognition of separateness of the corporation always helps to the shareholders when they will find any fraud. Now the pilots and senior managers are complained about that the new company has paying more rather than the old company and recently they has redundant in their salary. Therefore they make the claim that they are not paid equal with the new company employments. Now the issue arises whether Aussieair is breaches their duty towards the employees. It has been also found that the board of the directors is joining in the cost-cutting exercise and the enforced redundancy but they get their substantial remuneration increases and share bonuses. Redundancy is where an employee is dismissed from their employment because their employer no longer wishes the employees role to be done by anyone (Grinblatt and Titman 2016). Redundancy can occur even if the work of the dismissed employee continues to be performed by other employees, as long as the position that the former employee occupied has been eliminated. There is no redundancy where a worker is seconded to work for another firm, but is still employed by the same employer and performs the same duties (Grinblatt and Titman 2016). In the case study the main fact was found that the area introduced a new company where they are offering the employment in PNGair where the constitutions applied according to the Aussieair companies constitution where is when they are paying the salaries and condition to the employees of PNGairs rate of the salary has best according to the salary rate in PNGair (Alstadster, Jacob and Michaely 2017). The company is using two ways where they are not applying their constitutions equally. When the company redundant the Pilots and senior managers they paid their full redundancy entitlements but when company immediately offer employment in PNGair they are providing new salary 25% less than Aussieair employment salary (Baos-Caballero, Garca-Teruel and Martnez-Solano 2014). According to the section 136 of Corporation Act stated the legislations of the Constitution of a company where company can adopt a registered the company as per to their own rules and regulations where the each of the mem ber the company should agree with the constitution terms (Alstadster, Jacob and Michaely 2017). When a company is operating through a particular constitution then the salary and other wages and dividends are also required to be paid according to the companys rules and regulations. Here the question has arises that two different constitution and the companys rule has been applied because the section 140 of Corporation Act states the provisions of the effect of constitution and repressible rules by the company. Therefore the replaceable rules always establish the relationship between the company employees or other members and the constitution. Therefore in this case, no rules are following as per the Corporation Act. The Aussieair employees are concern. The Pilots and senior managers were not happy with their reduction of 25% amount of salary but the redundant employees when appointed in PNGair. they are accept the new employment wages and condition of employment. Aussieair is providing the new salaries which are the savings on average 25% less than the salary and conditions form erly paid by Aussieair. The Pilots and senior managers also find that the board of directors who are performing on the cost cutting exercise and the in forced redundancy are awarded with substantial remuneration increases and share bonuses. According to the Corporation Act 2001 which defines that the employees are bound to paid their dividend amount but the dividend amount only paid to them when company will get benefited and after the profit they will pay extra bonuses to the Employees (Baos-Caballero, Garca-Teruel and Martnez-Solano 2014). The Sec- 254A defines the payment of the dividend amount to the shareholders where the directors has the duty to issue bonus, partly paid, preference and redeemable shares to the shareholders (Grinblatt and Titman 2016). The 254B of the Corporation Act defines the terms of the shares and Sec- 254C defines the no par value shares. The Sec- 254W defines the rights of dividend to the shareholders. Therefore according to the case study here, the boa rd of the company has cut on the salary of 25% whereas; the new company employees are getting the same amount of salaries. It has been also found that the board of the directors is joining in the cost-cutting exercise and the enforced redundancy but they get their substantial remuneration increases and share bonuses. Therefore the pilots and other employees are bound to get the salary amount as per the companys constitution. The directors can change their decisions in an Annual General Meeting. They can reduce the salary but must pay their dividend amounts. When the Board of Directors are getting their salary along with the dividend amount then it us the duty of the company to pay the dividend amount to the employees (Baos-Caballero, Garca-Teruel and Martnez-Solano 2014). The director of Aussieair has breached their duties because when they are announced about the reduction of 25% salary of the Pilots and the general managers are not accepted the offer. However in there board meeting they took the condition of the reduction of salaries. The employees are not even paid by the dividend amount while it is the right of all the employees and the member of the company that they should paid by their dividend amount. Here according to the situation the company Aussieair has formed PNG for gaining the profit therefore as per their constitution of providing salaries to the Employees and the Pilots and the general managers they are not following their duties while there is a reduced of salary amount has occur. Therefore the director of board has breaches the duties because they are not following the constitution of the companies. The section 140(1) provide the legislations where a company constitution if breach towards the employers of the company then they can claim for the remedies of the damages because they are not paying them (Baos-Caballero, Garca-Teruel and Martnez-Solano 2014). The PNGair employees has the reduction of their salary before their employment which is less than 20% salary cut as per the salary of Aussieair company here (Alstadster, Jacob and Michaely 2017). Conclusion Aussieair Ltd has formed a new company for their beneficial purposes. Therefore the shareholders of the company along with the other employees are not getting their accordance salary and reduce the amount also. Therefore the corporate veil defines the only exists according to the personal assets of the shareholders then the personal liability will apply for paying the debts to the corporation. The corporate veil defines such process of paying the debts under a separate legal entity. Now they can ask for the alteration of the constitution of the company. They can also ask for the injunction or other declaration as per the corporation act. Through the alteration of the company Aussieair can able to relocate all the opportunities towards their employees and related shareholders (Alstadster, Jacob and Michaely 2017). References Alstadster, A., Jacob, M. and Michaely, R., 2017. Do dividend taxes affect corporate investment?. Journal of Public Economics, 151, pp.74-83. Baos-Caballero, S., Garca-Teruel, P.J. and Martnez-Solano, P., 2014. Working capital management, corporate performance, and financial constraints. Journal of Business Research, 67(3), pp.332-338. Baos-Caballero, S., Garca-Teruel, P.J. and Martnez-Solano, P., 2014. Working capital management, corporate performance, and financial constraints. Journal of Business Research, 67(3), pp.332-338. Ferran, E. and Ho, L.C., 2014. Principles of corporate finance law. Oxford University Press. Grinblatt, M. and Titman, S., 2016. Financial markets corporate strategy. Hickman v Kent or Romney Marsh Sheep-Breeders Association [1915] 1 Ch 88 Hiller, J.S., 2013. The benefit corporation and corporate social responsibility. Journal of Business Ethics, 118(2), pp.287-301. John Shaw Sons (Salford) Ltd v Shaw Knepper, W.E., Bailey, D.A., Bowman, K.B., Eblin, R.L. and Lane, R.S., 2016. Duty of Loyalty (Vol. 1). Liability of Corporate Officers and Directors. Tricker, R.B. and Tricker, R.I., 2015. Corporate governance: Principles, policies, and practices. Oxford University Press, USA. Young, S. and Thyil, V., 2014. Corporate social responsibility and corporate governance: Role of context in international settings. Journal of Business Ethics, 122(1), pp.1-24.

60+ Psychology Research Topics Ideas to Explore (2019)

Choosing psychology research topics is not as easy as one might think. If you have to write a good research paper, choosing a good topic is the foremost step. You may have several ideas in your mind while thinking of a topic for the research paper. If you have chosen a broad topic, then you will have to do a lot of research and background study. It is better to choose a narrow topic so that you can focus on a particular subject while researching and writing. Quick Links 1. How to Choose a Topic? 2. Social Psychology Research Topics 3. Psychology Research Topics for College Students 4. Cognitive Psychology Research Topics 5. Developmental Psychology Research Topics 6. Abnormal Psychology Research Topics 7. Clinical Psychology Research Topics 8. Writing on Your Research Topic 9. Online Writing Help Psychology is a vast subject that discusses a lot of multidisciplinary issues and brings together a wide range of topics. You can conduct analysis and research before deciding your topic. This is the reason that it is better to go for a narrow topic. It is also easier for the researcher to research the topic and conduct analysis with proper details. 1. How to Choose a Topic You can choose a topic from any social branch related to psychology. You can also select a topic that is related to some sort of mental illness or mental disorders. The topic may be complex and require a lot of research and analytical study, but the writer can cover all the aspects if the topic is specific. Choosing a good topic is the most essential step when you start writing a research proposal. An interesting and new topic is what catches your teachers attention. And it gets your idea accepted, apart from of course, a well written proposal itself. Here is an insightful blog if you're interested in learning about writing an impressive research proposal. 2. Social Psychology Research Topics Racism and its effects Homophobia Social issues involving or related to culture What is social depression? What is social cognition? How does social anxiety affect people? Gender roles in our society Gender discrimination and its causes How does peer pressure affect teenagers? Effect of marital disputes on children How do violent video games affect children and their brain development? Effect of violent cartoons on children's behaviour and mental state. How does divorce affect the emotional development of a child? Social anxiety and social depression on an introvert child How does bullying affect the social interaction of teenagers in high school or college? Increasing violence among teenagers and children What causes bullying behaviour among children? Factors that can contribute to delay in the mental development of a child. The effect of romantic movies on a child Is single parenting suitable for a child's mental development? 3. Psychology Research Topics for College Students Psychological disorders Causes of Social anxiety Phobias and Paranoias Causes of increasing depression among the youth Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Panic attacks and anxiety disorder Schizophrenia What are the physical symptoms of a mental disorder? The effects of medication on your mental health Effects of depression on mental health Causes of antisocial behaviour among teenagers Long term effects of mental health issues How can drugs affect our youth's mental health in the long run? 4. Cognitive Psychology Research Topics What are the effects of attention deficit or hyperactivity disorder on the development of a child? Discuss the effects of Autism. How is color psychology effective in cognitive development studies? What is the attention span and how to measure it? Memory loss and different ways to recover it How memories affect the behaviour of individuals? Which factors can help improve problem-solving abilities in children? What is a speech disorder and how it affects cognitive development? What is critical thinking and how to measure its ability in cognitive psychology? How can subconscious effect decision-making ability? 5. Developmental Psychology Research Topics Bullying and its effect on mind development. The role of media and cartoons in increasing violence. How violent video games and cartoons can make children violent? Underlying causes that can create a serial killer Causes of increase in the psychopathic behaviour of teenagers and youth Stereotypes and gender roles in our society Abusive parents and child development Effects of child abuse on the mental development of a child Factors that can accelerate the ageing process Is psychology related to the ageing process? 6. Abnormal Psychology Research Topics What are the causes of increasing anorexia rate in children? Causes of anorexia in adults Causes of anxiety disorder and how to overcome it Why is there an increase in eating disorders among the youth? What are the factors that contribute to an eating disorder? Is lying related to the psychology of a person? Causes of the rise in teenage suicides Is asexuality related to the psychology of a person? Psychology and suicidal thoughts How to control anxiety and depressing thoughts regarding death? What factors can cause multiple personality disorder? Violent video games are a cause of mood disorder among children. Reasons for phobias and how to deal with them Causes of PTSD in offices or workplace Is stalking considered as a psychological disorder? 7. Clinical Psychology Research Topics Psychology can be used to get control of chronic pain. Recent studies suggest that anxiety and panic attacks can be treated using cognitive therapy. Is behavioural therapy effective to treat criminals? Antidepressants can be addictive and their usage should be avoided. Factors that contribute to post-traumatic stress disorder What are the therapy practices effective in dealing with depression? Effect of an abusive relationship on the psychology of the victim Are antidepressants effective as a remedy for therapy? Insomnia How to treat it in a clinical scenario? Which therapy practices are effective in treating addictions? Another easy way to choose psychology research paper topics for your research paper is to write about a famous historical person. The topic, as narrow as it is, allows the researcher to focus on specific areas. You can also choose to research and write about a psychology career. A case study on an individual by providing a detailed analysis using your research techniques. Here are some additional research paper topics to help you carry out a meaningful and interesting research. 8. Writing on Your Research Topic For writing a good research paper, you can follow certain ways. You can read a good academic journal or analyze an article or a book written by a famous psychological writer. You can also analyze the experiments and practicals performed by famous psychologists in the past. Study popular analysis by psychologists and add your opinion regarding them in your research paper. 9. Online Writing Help Not every student has the writing skills, or time to dedicate to a research paper. In this case, seeking help from professional writers is the best available option. 5StarEssays has a team of professional writers who can write high quality academic papers from term papers to custom essays. Our professional essay writers have exceptional writing skills and they can help you in writing assignments within your deadline. Contact us today and save tons of time and effort in exchange for a reasonable cost.

Beat Poets Essays - Counterculture Of The 1960s, North Beach

Beat Poets Essays - Counterculture Of The 1960s, North Beach Beat Poets The Beat Movement in modern literature has become an important period in the history of literature and society in America. Incorporating influences such as jazz, art, literature, philosophy and religion, the beat writers created a new and prophetic vision of modern life and changed the way a generation of people sees the world. That generation is mow aging and its representative voices are becoming lost to eternity, but the message is alive and well. The Beats have forever altered the nature of American consciousness. The Beat Generation of writers offered the world a new attitude. They brought to society a consciousness of life worth living. They offered a method of escape from the stultifying, unimaginative world we live in, through the exploration of one's intellect. Beat has had many different contemporary implications in music, poetry and literature. Literature has been liberated considerably. The poetic form has been changed to inaugurate a new poetic form, an American form. There was less emphasis on tradition and more emphasis on the individual talent. (www.rohan.sdsu.edu) One of the most important contributions to contemporary verse was to take poetry out of the classrooms and into non-academic settingcoffee houses, jazz clubs, large public auditoriums and even athletic stadiums. Poetry is more popular and more read than anytime in history, not only spoken poetry but also sung poetry of a high order. The literature, coordinated by pop music, with a way of dressing, with a way of life, it something that has influenced the youth of the world not only in Western countries but Eastern countries as well. (www.charm.net) Music has been influenced greatly by Beat writing. The lyrics of many great songs have forever been changed by the writing of the Beat Generation. Bob Dylan's favorite poet was Allen Ginsberg. Ginsberg became one of Dylan's greatest friends. He worked on many projects with Dylan...The band Rage Against the Machine has many of Ginsberg's poems and words show up in their songs. For instance the song 'Bulls on Parade' includes Ginsberg 'Hadda Been Playing on the Jukebox' (www.charm.net) Generation X writers are compared to the Beat writers. Many people say that the generation coming to age has the potential to bring a new vision to society. The Beats thumbed their noses at the corporate world just like Generation X does today. (www.altx.com/io/beatgeneration.html) Many writers of Generation X have been influenced by the writing like Andy Clausen, Eliot Katz, Geoffrey Manough and Ed Sanders. There are many writers that have been influenced but have not been included in the Generation X section. These writers took up the flame of the Beat flavor, keeping it strong. James Wright was one of the writers that kept the flame going. He was much admired poet of his generation...(www.rohan.sdsu.edu) His works have a sense of Midwestern American bleakness...(www.rohan.sdsu) One of his poems goes like this My bones turn to dark emeralds Your hands turn yellow in the ruins of the sun Suddenly I realize That if I stepped out of my body I would break Into blossom (www.rohan.sdsu.edu) Another such writer with Beat flavor would be Adrienne Rich. Rich's work established the importance of gender in shaping a poetic consciousness and she became a mentor to thousands of women, enabling them to 'speak the unspeakable,' to authenticate their unique experience of reality. (www.rohan.sdsu.edu) Beat writing has made a great impact on the writing of today's generation. It has allowed people to be more open with themselves and the people that are reading their works. It is also allowed people to be more open minded to new ideas that these works brought to the surface for everybody to see. Where early writing was stiff, beat writing allowed for the writing to come after it to beat to a different drummer. Beat writing has expanded the world of literature, poetry and music to a higher level for people to enjoy. Bibliography BIB www.charm.net/brooklyn/Topics/BeatGen.html www.lib.virginia.edu/exhibits/sixties/index.html www.rohan.sdsu.edu

Management Simulation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Management Simulation - Assignment Example The market is forever growing and the demand for fast food is increasing with the changing lifestyles. In times of recession and extremely high inflation, people tend to reduce their expenses as much as is possible. Fast food restaurants thrive in times like these for they provide food at comparatively lower prices and whatever the socio-economic environment is like, people have still got to eat.People living in the United Kingdom live a lifestyle that is fast paced and extremely busy. As such, people do not have the time to sit around and wait for an order in a restaurant. Food outlets gain popularity based on how quick and efficient their service is.  Another factor that needs to be given special attention is the increasing orientation towards healthy foods. People now are extremely health conscious especially due to the increasing obesity issue. Fast food restaurants are known for producing high-calorie food that is not very healthy. A new pizza place will have to consider all t hese factors before starting operations.Seemingly, technology doesn’t have much to do with food but that’s not true. Technological implications on the food industry are quite wide. The extremely high internet usage and increasing trend home deliveries mean that restaurants need to have excellent websites that can attract customers and convince them to place orders. Once the order-taking is computerized, billing systems will need to be aligned with technology as well. There are increased regulations on food producers to follow strict standards of safety so that the customer has no doubt or apprehensions about the standards or quality of food they are consuming. Environmental The fast food outlets that are well known for serving meat products need to be extremely careful of activists rallying against mistreatment of animals in slaughter houses. Proper measures need to be taken to ensure these individuals that the food outlet is paying special attention to animal care. It is also important to realize that in toady’s extremely environmental conscious consumer, a restaurant paying special attention to environment has an extremely good public image. The food industry is no exception to the rule. Environment friendly packaging and reduced use of plastics as well as introduction of recyclable tissue papers have worked extremely well in establishing different outlets as house hold names for now the consumers are ensured that the food they are eating is not harmful for the environment. Law The fast food industry has to strictly comply with all the appropriate Health and Safety guidelines related with food. Failing

Entrepreneurship and Innovation in Organisations Essay

Entrepreneurship and Innovation in Organisations - Essay Example Explanations of corporate growth and development, and of the organization's ability to maximise profitability over time have increasingly relied on the entrepreneurial function (Greiner, 1972). Simply defined, an entrepreneur is someone who organizes and assumes the risk of a business in return for the profits. Entrepreneurial success depends on the ability to think strategically, have a clear strategic vision, and achieve quick results. The meaning of entrepreneurship is bound up with the concept of uncertainty. Entrepreneurs create value by acting in the context of uncertainty. As Knight (1921) puts it, the entrepreneur is the "organizer of uncertainties," which means he possesses the ability to creatively reorganize the relationships between factors of production and market opportunities in ways that create value which otherwise would not have been generated. The ability to organize wealth-generating relationships between factors of production presupposes that a market opportunity exists for the entrepreneur to capture. This gives rise to the concept of the entrepreneur as being "noticer of opportunity" (Kirzner, 1973). Entrepreneurial behaviour is, thus, described as action taken on noticed opportunities. Markets are almost always in disequilibrium and based on price disparity and information asymmetry, there always exists opportunity for arbitrage. This opportunity, however, only generates value for the noticing entrepreneur. It can be deduced that value is generated not only by an entrepreneur who is "organizer of uncertainties", but also by the entrepreneur who is "noticer of opportunities" (Jones & Butler, 1992). In entrepreneurship, once an opportunity has been acted upon, a series of internal forces begin to interfere in the entrepreneurial process. A distinction arises between entrepreneurship and management in the firm, leading to agency problems. The agency problem occurs when it is difficult for one party to evaluate the performance of the other due to uncertainty in environmental, organizational, or task conditions. Moreover, the motives of the parties to an exchange may be different giving rise to opportunism and, in turn, agency problem (Jones & Butler, 1992). In the entrepreneurial context, risk preferences cause an agency problem because the principal and agent have different risk preferences. Agency theory elaborates on the different risk preferences by discussing risk aversion of agents stating that the agents are only rewarded normal salary even though they have to bear the uncertainty of entrepreneurial activities. On the other hand, the principal is the residual claimant of all net revenues of the activities. The reward to the principal is the entrepreneurial profit for undertaking uncertainty whereas the reward to the agent is normal salary for risk taking. This disparity in reward structure gives rise to agency problem where agents have no incentive to behave entrepreneurial (Jones & Butler, 1992). Agents face an additional problem if they have injected any capital in the organization. This is because if the organization engages in a risky venture and faces bankruptcy, the agents lose their capital and have difficulty in securing equivalent alternative employment. Therefore, there is no incentive for agents to invest in the organization. This causes a misalignment of interests of principals or entrepreneurs and agents or managers and results in a loss in a firm's

P.E training program- fitness Essay Example for Free

P.E training program- fitness Essay General fitness- Speed is the ability to perform a movement or cover a distance in a short period of time. A mid fielder needs speed to out run other players or to catch on to a loose ball. Muscular endurance- is the ability of the muscles to work for a long period of time without tiring. In football you need it to be able to run around the football pitch for the whole 90 minutes. Flexibility- you lose flexibility as you get older. It is important to warm up and cool down before and after a match. In football most players in the team need to be flexible, for example to header the ball, but also the goalkeeper has to be very flexible to be able to make difficult saves. Cardiovascular endurance- requires the heart and blood vessels to supply the working muscles with oxygen for long periods of time without tiring too much. This is needed in football because you run around a lot and you need our heart and lungs to cope with the activity for the whole 90 minutes. Strength- is normally measured by the amount of weight the muscles can lift, or applying a force against a resistance. This is used in football when we tackle or are being marked and your shoulder to shoulder you need strength to hold others off. Skill related fitness- Balance- is the ability to keep up right while you are standing still or moving, this is needed in football when kicking the ball because you are balancing on one leg. Co-ordination- is the ablity to use different senses and body parts together in football this is needed between eye and foot, so you kick the ball and not miss especially volleying. Speed of reaction- is needed on the pitch so when an over ball is played your on-side and make your run perfectly to lose the defender. Timing- is needed in football to kick the ball at the right time to get the perfect touch. Agility- is the ability to change direction of the body in football we use this to help loose a defender by turning at speed, it can also help when your in the box for the corner to lose a defender so you can get up for a header. Physical skills- Kicking- is very important because the game is using your feet and you need to kick the ball to get the ball round the pitch. Shooting- is necessary to be able to shoot as in order to win the game you need to score and in order to score you need to SHOOT to ball into the goal past the keeper. Tackling- is very important to stop opponents from scoring but some times players timings are not quiet right and cause a dangerous tackle resulting in another players injury. Marking- is necessary to hold off opponents attacks and not ‘losing’ the person your defending. Heading- is important to either score from a high ball crossed in or clear the ball away from a opponent in the air. Dribbling- is very important to get the ball closer to your opponents goal. There is 2 types of dribbling: *Firstly when your jogging and keeping the ball closer to your feet. *Secondly when you knock the ball ahead of you a couple of metres and sprint to catch up with it, this is used to knock the ball past the defender. Other attributes- Concentration- is extremely important because if you’re a goalkeeper and you don’t have anything to do for 30minutes you might ‘switch off’ and let in a shot which if you were concentrating you would have saved. Motivation- is very important because if you want to win but go a goal down if you and your team are motivated enough you will be trying to score 2 goals and keep fighting. Confidence- is needed so you have the confidence in your self so you trust your ability and get ‘stuck in.’ Most important skills and techniques in football. Speed is essential in football; it is used throughout the game whether you are an attacker or a defender. For example if you are an attacker and you need to out run a defender to get the ball, to get past a defender and have a attack on goal or if your defending and there is a break you need to run as fast as possible with the ball (or in support) to the oppositions half to make an attack before their defenders catch up with you. Muscular endurance is needed 100% in football because if you are running around for 90 minutes your no use to your team if after 60 minutes you have a stitch and need to be substituted. Muscular endurance can be improved over time with a training program. Cardiovascular endurance is essential so that you can last the whole 90 minutes. If somebody’s cardiovascular endurance was not very good and they ran around for 90 minutes it could cause them to pass out because there heart and lungs can not take the strain. Smoking will also effect your cardiovascular endurance because if your trying to take in more oxygen the tar built up around your hearts arteries makes the oxygen’s gap smaller letting oxygen though slower then needed causing short of breath quicker. Balance is essential because in order to kick the ball you must stand on one leg, if you don’t have good balance you may fall over before your foot reaches the ball. Balance can not be improved, your either have good balance or you don’t. Co-ordination is important; football players need co-ordination between their eye and foot so they make contact with the ball. Skills on the ball are only preformed if the player has good co-ordination otherwise tricks become unsuccessful.

The differences of the 50s and the 90s :: essays research papers

During the fifties, to be the norm in society was to be the norm. To be the same was to be what every one else was being. Doing what every one else was doing was what was supposed to be what was being done. Did you catch all that? And then here we are in the nineties. In the nineties, to be the norm in society in to not be the norm. To be the same is to not be what every one else is being. Doing what other people don’t do is what is really expected to be done. Now, did you catch all that?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Let me elaborate on that a little bit. Pretty much, the point is that America in the 1950’s was a place where you are expected to be a normal person. America in the 1990’s and beyond is now almost a place where you are expected to do something different (or at least it isn’t a surprise when someone is different).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In a â€Å"normal† family in the 1950’s, the husband came home from working nine-to-five. In his home he would find his wife with dinner ready and the house clean. He would also find his two kids, and one dog, all doing what they are supposed to be doing. In a â€Å"normal† family in the 1990’s, the husband and wife come home from work, one at two a.m., and maybe one at two in the afternoon. They would find his kids (maybe), and they more than likely would not find them doing what they wanted them to be doing. The sun would have a red and green spiked Mohawk, and the daughter main concern is her hair’s buoyancy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Neighborhoods in the 1950’s wre very close knit. People would say â€Å"Hi† to each other. Parents would reprimand children other than their own. Many problems were taken care of by the community, without questions asked. Communities now are loose knit, not caring to reccognise the existence of neighbors, let alone be involved with each others lives.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Today, families have very busy lives. They deal with family members on different schedules. Meals are generally served sporadically, depending on who needs what when. Fifty years ago, dinner was set at a certain time. Family members were expected to be there, and schedules worked around meals. No one watched television while they ate dinner, and the dinner conversation focus was on what happened during the day.

Free Education Essay

There is no such thing as ‘free education fully financed by the government’. A zero-tuition college education simply means that instead of the students bearing the cost of attaining their degrees the taxpayers bear it. Students and parents misperceive the price of education, considering it to be free, even though it comes out of their pockets in taxes. And why should low-income taxpayers finance the education of wealthier students? Proponents of state-financed education argue that absence of government help would put higher education out of reach of poor students. But I tend to disagree in that there are no ‘poor college students’. College-caliber students possess great wealth in the form of human capital. Anyone headed for college has enormous wealth in the form of intellectual capital and will receive earnings from his/her college education. So, the benefits of a college education are essentially reaped by the individual acquiring higher education. The future earnings of the individual typically constitute an adequate return on the gross investment in abtaining higher education. Moreover, providing free college education to all is a rather inefficient way to serve the interests of poor students since a large proportion of students who acquire higher education come from relatively well off families. There are many negative aspects of government-financed higher education. Free education leads to overproduction and waste. But, isn’t it good to have more young people with degrees? Don’t we need a more educated workforce for the more demanding jobs that will dominate our economy in the future? The answer to these questions is ‘no’. By putting more people in colleges we end up with unmotivated students who lower the standards demanded by higher education. In his book Generation X Goes to College, Peter Sacks explains how he was driven to make his courses intellectually vapid, easy and entertaining in order to improve student performance and keep his job. This is a result of classrooms being filled by indifferent students who want a degree with the lowest possible effort. The producers of higher education in a zero-tuition system are the only ones  having control over the quality of education. Financing of universities by the government leads to higher government control over them. Government officials regularly audit universities to check whether the money granted to them in the form of loans and research grants is being spent wisely. The downside of this is that the auditors may lack sufficient understanding of the technical specialities being evaluated. Also the government may enforce the hiring of faculty from minority groups, thus bringing down the quality of the teaching staff. More undesirable is the effect on the thinking of the academics. The state-subsidized scholar is reluctant to unearth ideas that bring into question his livelihood and that of his colleages. He is encouraged by his superiors not to bite the hand that feeds him. Thus, there can be no freedom of thought and freedom to explore new ideas under such a system. Most importantly, due to state financing of higher education, it is far removed from a free market. The cost of education is masked by the government subsidies. Government funding is a crucial intrusion into the market price of education. It is an intrusion which steadily raises the price to taxpayers, but reduces the perceived price of education to the educational establishment. As a result there is little incentive to control costs since they are already perceived as low. There is little incentive to promote innovations since people innovate when they feel the need to give consumer’s ‘their money’s worth’. Finally there is little incentive to respect the student who is the ‘customer’. In conclusion, I feel that the conventional wisdom about college education is wrong.We don’t need free education to get more students into college; we need to end the government subsidies so that college costs will be borne only by willing parties. We don’t need to try to make college attendance universal; we need to allow people to choose for themselves the type and extent of education that best suits them. Making college education fully government-financed goes against the basic objective of higher education – to allow the intellectual cream of society to specialize in their chosen field of interest.

Overview Of Securitization And Financial Structure Product Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2125 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? There have a larger number of developed countries faced a banking crisis (124 systemic banking crisis during the period from 1970 to 2007) and the recent global 2007-2008 financial crisis, which is different from many previous financial crisis that affected the global financial system during past several decades. Various studies investigated the role of securitization and structured finance product that causing the global financial crisis and banking crisis. This paper will base on some theoretical literature and examine current banking and financial crisis in order to provide a better understanding of the role of securitization and structure finance product as the reason of global financial crisis and banking crisis in the developed countries. This paper is organized in the following manner. The first part will briefly define what securitization and structure finance product are. The second part will highlight the role how securitization should play in the economy and why this role is important. It also evaluates the problem in subprime mortgage in the United State. The third part will present the development of financial innovation have effect to create, spread the crisis. Finally, the paper concludes with a brief summary. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Overview Of Securitization And Financial Structure Product Finance Essay" essay for you Create order 2. The overview of securitization and financial structure product 2.1. The overview of securitization Securitisation is as essential to the financial system as any organised markets are. Securitization has developed and played an important role in the banking. According to Jobst (2008), securitization is the process in which certain types of assets are pooled so that they can be repacked into interest-bearing securities. The interest and principal payments from the assets are passed through to the purchasers of the securities Furthermore, Mizen (2008) indicates that securitization played a key role in the financial market in the U.S. and strongly supports the financing of the financial system, in two main respects: First, securitization may contribute to the expansion of the financial support base by transforming illiquid assets into assignable securities for the long-term. Second, securitization may offer a better match between the borrowers and investors. Figure 1. The securitization Landscape (International Monetary Fund 2009:80) Covered bonds Securitization Pass-through securities: U.S government-sponsored enterprises mortgage-backed securities Real estate investment trusts Structure finance: Asset-backed securities and asset-backed commercial paper Mortgage-backed securities Collateral debt obligations 2.2. The overview of structured finance product According to Evans (2010), when securitization has different and unequal priority, this led to structure finance emerged. Firstly, there are three type of security including Senior, Mezzanine, and Junior. Then the development of structured finance product was more complex with Collateralised Debit Obligations, and CDO squared. This will be illustrated in the graph below CDO2 Mortgage MBS CDO The structured product has fluctuated dramatically in the last decade. For instance, in the United States and Europe, issuance finance structure product increases from 500 billion dollar to 2.6 trillion dollar, 2000 and 2007 respectively (Kodres 2008). However, in 2008 these quantities had declined sharply. 3. The development in the banking model amongst developed countries and The U.S subprime mortgage crisis 3.1. The development in the banking model amongst developed countries Looking at first, beginning in 1980s, Kidwell et al. (2007) indicates that there was an increase in the involve of banks and securitization which offers a number of benefit to banks such as banks can reduce the amount of liabilities and assets by selling more than holding loans; moreover, securitization offers a source of funding loan which is less expensive than other fund. In 1988, new kind of securities include commercial paper, securities backed which a process making loans tradable, et; that emerge in commercial bank Kidwell et al. (2007) offers the explanation of why commercial bank wants to operate as investment banking; the reason is the activity of investment bank was more profitable than commercial banking activity; furthermore, investment bank is more flexibility than commercial bank, in 1999 with the Financial Service Modernization Act. At the same time, in contrary, investment banks were allowed to get into activities, which was traditionally commercial bank activity. In contrast to investment banks, commercial banks focus on taking deposit and lending. However, the bank originating the loan did not necessarily fund the loan. Supporting this point, UBM TechWeb (2008) argue that the change in the banking models because some reason: firstly, commercial bank has advantages over investment bank: a good illustration of this is while commercial banks have enable to access to the discount window and enable to borrow from the Federal Reserve, the most secure liquidity source, investment bank have not have this condition. As a result, unlevered investment bank would either disappear or be transformed into commercial bank. On the other hand, Evans (2010) demonstrates that increasing the number of traditional model of banking becomes commercial banking which is more popular, larger, and relevant. According to Mullineux and Murinde (2003), banks play a vital role in the economy and the bank failure has led to the collapse of the financial system. The major cause of financial crisis is the banking area with the unbalance information, agency trouble and moral hazard. For example, banks in a number of developed countries have experienced severe banking crisis. In the sense, Laeven and Valencia (2008) point out banking crisis which means there are a greater number of non-payment in the financial sector, a countrys corporate and bank face huge problems repaying contracts on time which has led to the asset is excess liabilities The different between current crisis episodes and previous crisis episodes is the expansion of liquidity support not only to commercial bank like previous crisis but also to investment bank (Laeven and Valencia 2008). One of the advantages of commercial bank and investment bank is their off-balance sheet which can make use of assets for purposes of investment without risks of bankrupt to these banks system. For instance, investment bank does not maintain the securities of the company in its balance sheet and they sells them to investor, trading activity, which is more complex, risky, and different functions of classic on balance sheet such as loan expansion, deposit taking. For example: Traditional banks originated illiquid loans and funded them with liquid deposits. Consequence, decrease in deposit supply which leading to falls loan supply and reduce in the securities value Balance sheet Asset Liabilities Loan -securities 100 - 95 Deposit 90 securities falling value 40 Equity 10 -5 withdraw deposit 40 3.2. The U.S subprime mortgage crisis Jobst (2008) indicates that securitization started in 1970s. Park (2009) point out that during the period from 2004-2007, US subprime mortgage markets exploded and melted down, as an example, the housing bubble explode in early 2007 that led to quick decrease in the market value of many securities such as Mortgage Backed Securities, CMOs and CDOs. There are two types of mortgage in the U.S such as prime and subprime. Subprime mortgage means lenders used to offer mortgage, lower quality and nonstandard mortgages to borrowers with nonstandard income or credit profiles and one of these borrowers is Ninja loans borrowers have no income, little or no assets, and no job; After that these subprime mortgage loans were sold rapidly to Wall Street Company as collaterals for securitization. These loan were ensured high ratings, however, their value depend on the movements in the price of house. Therefore, when decreasing the price of house led to failure to pay the loan increased in the subprim e mortgage sector, as a result the crisis occurrence. 3.3. The role of securitization and structure finance product in the banking crisis and global financial crisis. Mizen (2008) point out commercial bank and investment bank undertake securitization through special purpose vehicles which create new asset-backed securities and enable sell the product with different risk ratings for each level. International Monetary Fund (2009) provides securitization play an important role in banks due to they allowed banks more actions in lending, liquidity risk and less cost for the bank to hold. Laeven and Valencia (2008) demonstrates that almost crisis have used generous liquidity support to deal with illiquidity banks; which means banks use Asset-backed securitization that is the process transformation of illiquid assets into liquid assets ( Mullineux and Murinde 2003). For instance, previous to the fail of the securitization, in the United States, Japan, and Western, asset-backed securities and covered bond offered the new residential mortgage loan approximately 20 to 60 percent. In addition, Park (2009) argue that A larger commercial banks acting as credit enhancers for the securitized instrument in order to satisfy the growing demand for new mortgage loans, that become most crucial materials for the securitization process Financial crisis: how it happened 4. The role of financial innovation in creation, spread of the crisis The current financial crisis is different and much more complex than earlier financial crisis because the development of financial innovation such as new ways of packaging, reselling assets in MBS and more complex, subprime mortgage which weaker fundamental assets (Mizen 2008). Park (2009) demonstrates that the primary cause of the current global financial crisis is the misuse of financial innovation such as new financial products, structure finance product, and risk management. Another reasons is balance sheet mismatches, on or off balance sheet To begin with, the question arises as to the traditional model of banking would find and make the loans and hold the loans to maturity and fund it themselves which bearing the credit risk. Many economists argued without securitization and structure finance the banking would be less bad loan made due to securitization and structure finance lend so many bad loan. Secondly, the securitization and structure finance play a vital role in banking crisis because of creating and spreading in many countries financial system, and deepening the crisis (Evans 2010) According to Evans (2010), there are a rose rapidly of securitization and structure finance in Europe and The United State due to they seem to be benefit for everybody. For borrowers they can access to international capital market and securities market that was unavailable to them previously and probably cheaper. In addition, for originators of loan could back the loan together without having to fund them. This led to emerge of subprime mortgage in securitization. On the other hand, Laeven and Valencia (2008) argue that in 1980, bank building society made many bad loans which not spread to another country; nevertheless, when U.S faced with problem in the housing market which spread to many countries. The reasons for this problem are when the dollar did depreciate against the Euro in the previous 2007; however there was not a decline sharply in the demand of US assets due to the use of dollar as a reserve currency. Moreover, the US mortgage market has spread with the speediness to many countries Evans (2010) highlight the reason of this is the securitization and structure finance product creates marketable securities out of the underlying non-marketable loans and complicated financial assets with relatively high-yielding assets and good credit ratings. In addition, King (2007) indicates that there was a strong demand for high yields assets such as MBSs and CDOs. Supporting to this point, Mizen (2008) argue that these securities, which were sold in the worldwide financial markets due to the high yields that attractive to investor. As a result, the subprime mortgage in the U.S spread internationally. Therefore, this clear that risk about uncertain of unfolding of the subprime crisis in the U.S was misprice and opaque in exposures and the complexity of structure finance product Evans (2010) highlight that the process of securitization and structure finance created very complex from the underlying loans, which led to the quality of these securities were opaque In addition, according to International Monetary Fund (2009), the securitization and structure finance have to become simpler, transparent in order to improve liquidity in the future 5. Conclusion As we know, the development of securitization and structure finance is vital for the financial market growth. It is undeniable that the role of securitization and structured finance products on financial market has caused the recent banking and financial crisis in the worldwide, particularly in developed countries. The recent crisis has been far more complex than earlier crisis because financial innovation has allowed new ways of packaging and reselling assets. From several decades, the securitization always changes their rules in order to achieve efficient and fair in their operation. Although there are some signs of improvement, in this sense, securitisation is still certainly unable to fulfil the objectives. However, if securitization works properly securitisation should be a welfare-improving tool which makes financial market more efficient and reduce transaction costs. Nowadays, there was an increase in securitisation which use by bank as a resort, beside with other innovations such as credit derivatives, which is the next step in the growth of securitization, and help to reduce barrier for investor. Given the rapid expansion of loan securitization (as well as the growth of loan sales and syndication), the results suggest that access to capital is less subject to variations in the supply of local deposits to banks than in the past. https://www.americansecuritization.com the importance of securitization