12 Years a Slave Themes

The pain and abuse experienced by Solomon Northrup in his 12 years of slavery, like the millions of other slaves who were kidnapped in Africa and sold across the U. S. , is a tragic example of the pain one society can inflict upon another group of people. The movie 12 Years A Slave graphically portrays the horrors of slavery in America, and demonstrates the shame of the system, using the incredible irony in the story of Solomon Northrup. Since he had a dpcument that said he was a free black man, he was treated by others as a fellow man, but after he was kidnapped he was considered property, like an animal.There was no change in Solomon himself as a person; only a corrupt system declared that he could now be owned as nothing said otherwise. Only a paper could take away your humanity. Additionally, the slave masters and traders, including Solomon Northrup’s, felt that they did not just have the right to treat their slaves however they liked, they also claimed they had the right to, even more simply, own their fellow man. And by decree of the American government, they were fully at liberty to do so.Both examples point to a major theme of the movie, and applies to the slavery system that was in existence all over the Western world: dehumanization. The black slaves who were abused and exploited by the American policy of slavery had their humanity stripped away from them, and were considered the same as any other property of the owner. In contrast, the slave owners who considered fellow humans their own property and whom they could abuse at their leisure had their ideas of justice led so astray by the permitting of slavery that they seemed to lack basic human qualities themselves, including compassion and a sense of reason.The plight of the slaves is summed up perfectly when a fellow slave tells Solomon Northrup, after throwing the body of another slave into the ocean, that â€Å"he was better off dead†. It is quite astounding that such young men and wo men felt that their best option was to die, instead of being faced with the horrors they did daily. Although, it can appear quite reasonable, as slaves were most often born on a plantation, and had no hope of dying free. They could not establish any goals for themselves, as their entire life was forced to be devoted to fulfilling the needs of their masters.This is quite like the lives of many animals, and not humans. Animals are born and try to maintain their existence, but establishing goals to accomplish anything greater is strictly a human attribute. With this basic human characteristic taken from slaves, they were only left with a few human attributes- their own physical bodies, and their spirits; although the former was often abused by the frequent lashes â€Å"awarded† by the masters, which left very prominent scars on the back. For slaves however, maintaining their spirit and dignity, was probably far more complex. Every single event in the life of a slave dehumanized them.Firstly, the auctions, where slaves were forced to strip down and dance like monkeys so prospective buyers could evaluate their abilities. Then, a price was put on their head, and white men could simply buy another human being, and then take him home and enslave him. Also, no differentiation was made between men and youth (as displayed in one scene where all slaves walk beside each other) to carry an identical workload, no matter if one was 12 or 25. Masters had the power to do as they pleased with their slaves after purchase, but only them as a slave was their own personal property.In a confrontation, a plantation supervisor instructed some others after trying to lynch Solomon that â€Å"Ford (plantation owner) holds the mortgage, and you have no hold to his life†. It is incredibly ironic that since they did not own Solomon, they could not lynch, but whoever does can do as he pleases. All this dehumanizing torture would definitely break the spirit of almost any human. B ut, Solomon tried to maintain his, and ensure others did as well, at all costs. He was willing to take vicious punishment for standing up to a supervisor.Also, after noticing another female slave crying endlessly, he told her that â€Å"You let yourself be overcome by sorrow, you will drown in it†. Clearly Northrup tried his best to maintain his dignity, but prior to the exciting conclusion of his story, there is a very telling scene. Solomon was playing violin at a dance for his master and their friends. The violin represented for him a human experience, as he was able to accomplish more than just picking cotton, and the sound of an instrument is one of the most powerful human experiences.Although, at this ball, as he plays, the sorrowful background music of the movie plays over his song, and clouds out the sound of his violin. After the ball Solomon smashed his violin into thousands of pieces. He recognized that even in a very human activity, he was still serving his master , and the music he played and everything he felt as a result of the music, all belonged to his owner. Despite the dramatization, it still vividly shows the despicable dehumanization suffered by slaves, and even those who tried to maintain their human dignity, eventually had everything stripped away.The slaves who had their humanity taken away were abused so greatly by their masters that for a viewer, it was hard to imagine these masters as human, just as they thought of their slaves. Especially further down the Mississippi, like at Northrup’s plantation in Louisiana, the masters treated their slaves so poorly it was impossible to see them as human beings. Most notably, when whipping their slaves, masters stood over their workers and lashed them, with the lack of remorse of a jockey standing over his horse. When talking about whipping his slaves, Solomon’s Louisiana master said: â€Å"Sin. There is no sin.A man does as he pleases with his property. † The master m akes no recognition of the pain he inflicts upon his â€Å"property†, and it forces the viewer to see him as almost a sociopath. The same master also singled out an individual slave, Patsy, and tormented her in a way no true human would do. He was involved sexually with her, most likely against her will. He also whipped her brutally, and even once got Solomon to whip her, in order to see both of them suffer. Other white men demonstrated similar non-human characteristics. At a slave auction, one buyer rhetorically asked a slave: â€Å"Are you a slave or nigger? †.He showed so little respect for another human that it was simply impossible to see him as one either. The extreme cruelty was probably not something the owners were born with, though. It was something engrained in them by slavery being officially permitted and promoted. With official support for slavery, and no real regulations, owners were practically encouraged to abuse their slaves. They learned nothing abou t the history of slavery or their individual slaves, so it was impossible for them to have any connection or compassion for their slaves. It could be considered the original ill-informed, American-centric principle.Truly, the masters such incredibly poor conduct and abuse of their slaves, no matter the justification dehumanized them as well, as no proper person could act in such a terrible way. It is quite impossible to understand the moral justification for slavery in the U. S. No doubt the economic prospective was immense, but the responsibility of a government established â€Å"for the people† is responsible for just that, and encouraging slavery does just the opposite.It is indicative of a society, which at times even today, is more concerned with mythical end goals, than  for the people who build and achieve them. The dream of the American South was to develop a perfect agrarian society, where man’s religion and property were his own, and were respected by the g overnment and others. However, only the plantation owners were considered in this fantasy. Yes, the quantity of labour from the slaves was essential in the development of the country as a whole, and a failure to fully employ their ample natural resources would have greatly stunted the development of the new country’s economy, but the method taken contradicted the true goals of the country when it was established.Even Thomas Jefferson decried slavery in the Missing Clause of the constitution, and said â€Å"†. However, slavery existed for nearly 100 more years in the U. S. after Jefferson, as the South still considered it the best option for developing the country. Maybe it was justified then because the 14 million slaves who built American industry weren’t even considered human, they were only considered slaves.

The Caribbean Language Situation

Topic: The Caribbean language situation. The Caribbean language situation is rather multifaceted thus there is a lot of controversy surrounding it. This topic in the course is an interesting one because it has enriched my understanding of what the language situation is in Jamaica and other neighbouring islands as well as its impact on education. According to Kathryn Shields (1989), two ways in which Standard English in Jamaica is defined are through the traditional metropolitan norms and the educated Jamaicans.She identifies that the discrepancies found in defining Standard English in Jamaica often times go undocumented. However, this should not be as teachers would want to use it as they hope to monitor the factors to which their students are exposed by paralleling the discrepancy model with the acceptable model. As a result of this, I do agree with the idea of teachers using Creole to teach students different aspects of the target language. This is because many students in Jamaica enter the classroom speaking Creole or a mixture of Creole and English.Often times this reflects the social background of the students as a result the teacher becomes a facilitator and accommodate these language varieties, thus, introducing Standard English which seems foreign to them may make them feel uncomfortable. Therefore, it would be wise to immerse them into the target language by taking them from the known to the unknown. Shields uses the educated Jamaicans as she identifies features that comprise the de facto model of English for the learner in Jamaica, subsequently presenting evidence of a new form of English in Jamaica.Additionally, she compares the pre-independence and post-independence eras of Jamaican language history. In the pre-independence era she regards the language as ‘mish mash’ and the language was referred to by the blanket term Jamaican English, which hides the difference between standard and non-standard as well as Creole, thus, making the desc ription of the language vague. In the post-independence era the concept of Creole being inferior seeps over although there have been several revisions of attitudes to the language.This is true as years after independence Creole speakers are still looked at and regarded as deep rural residences who have not been exposed to Standard English. In addition, many people including Creole speakers see Creole as a bad language and so should not be used in schools. It is seen as a waste of time to study or understand as it interferes with the learning of the target language. In some Jamaican schools especially city schools, teachers are not allowed to speak Creole and students are forced to speak the target language.I am in disagreement with the negative attitude that still exists against Creole in this day and age as to me Creole has evolved into a unique language that identifies us as Caribbean people as well as our respective territories. Fortunately, not all Caribbean countries are still showing prejudice against Creole as in Haiti; French Creole has been legitimately accepted as an official language. Another salient aspect of the language situation in Jamaica and the Caribbean is the fact that children from varying backgrounds are expected to communicate in a language they cannot write or speak.Therefore, a child from a Jamaican Creole speaking background is expected to write in Standard English and understand the language of educational books written in the target language. According to Shields, the Ministry of Education endorses the notion that adoptive speakers of the target language will have problems speaking the language but by reading, modelling and practice one will be able to write it. However they are not totally trying to eliminate the idea that one should be able to speak the target language as this is also an important factor in communicating globally.This is evident in many schools where some students are able to write to an extent in the target langu age but whenever they are to speak the language they develop severe pronunciation and grammatical problems. The implication this has for myself and other teachers is to approach our class as a teacher of a ‘foreign’ language and use effective strategies and suitable models that will provide students with all the reading, writing and speaking practice necessary to become good users of the target language.

Community of practice. What is a community of practice and what Essay

Community of practice. What is a community of practice and what benefits might it bring to an organisation - Essay Example This paper would discuss the community of practice and how it has benefitted organizations over the passage of time. Moreover, it would elaborate over the challenges faced by knowledge-based communities with the advent of the concept of community of practice.With the passage of time and the advancement in technologies, there is more and more pressure over organizations to maintain a competitive advantage over the rivals. For this purpose, it is becoming increasingly important to make efficient use of the resources of the organization. Among the most important resources of the organization come the Human resources. Hence, there are increasing efforts to enhance the efficiency and productivity of the workers. This paper would discuss the community of practice and how it has benefitted organizations over the passage of time. Moreover, it would elaborate over the challenges faced by knowledge-based communities with the advent of the concept of community of practice. DISCUSSION The articl e written by Lauren Keller Johnson (2006) entitled Are you getting the most from your knowledge workers? discussed relevant issues pertaining to managing knowledge workers. According to Serrat (2008), knowledge worker is unique and distinct as this type is described as â€Å"someone who is employed because of his or her knowledge of a subject matter, rather than ability to perform manual labor. They perform best when empowered to make the most of their deepest skills†. ... Communities of practice enable workers to work with others with the same purpose and while creating value through the community of knowledge sharing. Some of the benefits of a community of practice would be described in the following lines. Community of practice promotes and enhances a learning environment for all the stakeholders, according to Johnson (2001) â€Å"the learning that evolved from these communities is collaborative, in which the collaborative knowledge of the community is greater than any individual knowledge† (Johnson 2001: 34). Community of practice promotes the formation of synergies, raises the capabilities of the workforce by gaining insight from one another. The practice also inculcates new information, knowledge and skills of the workers into the corporate culture with the help of knowledge sharing and learning. Furthermore, community of practice endorses innovation and expertise, it connects people from different backgrounds, with diverse knowledge and i ncreases the level of trust as well as motivation enabling them to pool their knowledge and know how in solving business problems that require information across different subjects. The ongoing interactions through a knowledge based environment helps in coordination, organization and development of initiatives across various domains of knowledge. It fosters a sense of belonging among the workers which increases the morale while building the capabilities and knowledge of the workers. Moreover, Community of practice encourages neo-apprenticeship style of learning and nurtures professional and personal development of workers. Community of practice aids in the improvement of business outcomes, it helps in

The ways of improving Maintainability and Reliability of engines on Essay

The ways of improving Maintainability and Reliability of engines on Air bus A380 - Essay Example In this paper, maintenance of Airbus A380 engines is assessed from different perspectives. The paper analyzes general aircraft engine, major aircraft manufacturers, current technologies in aircraft engines and Rolls-Royce Trent 900 aircraft engine. In maintenance part, key issues are maintenance steering group (MSG-3) analysis, maintenance manual generation, heat and vibration analysis, and maintain monitoring build in equipments. The paper assesses Airbus A380 reliability through analysis of failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) and failure modes, effects and criticality analysis (FMECA) of aircraft engine. The other are concerns fault tree analysis, functional hazard analysis (FHA) and Neo generation aircraft engine. The airbus is a huge plane to diagnose and identify faults manually; therefore, the concept of 3D computer aided simulation discussed in the paper. The paper concludes that reliability and maintainability of Airbus engines are essential for smooth operations of the aircraft and the industry. The A380-800 is subsonic with very long variety and very high capability civil transport airplane. It offers a number of payload capabilities varying from 400 travellers in a very comfortable multi-class arrangement, capable of 853 travellers in an all economy class arrangement. The aircraft designed in close alliance with main airlines, airworthiness authorities and airports. It is the most sophisticated, roomy and effective aircraft in service condition of a new standard in air voyage and environmental effectiveness. The A380 family begins with a baseline commuter aircraft, the A380-800. The A380-900 superior capacity version is developable if in need by the market. Maintenance and reliability of such a magnificent product is a challenge, but the Aircraft has maintained the maintenance procedures. Reliability, Maintainability, and Availability (RMA) are system

Foundation of scholarship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Foundation of scholarship - Essay Example 1)" and the end of nation states. Since the time of their emergence national states have always been among the key participants in the world economy. However, the time when nation states were highly effective in creation of wealth is over, and nation states of this epoch have turned into simple mechanisms of wealth distribution. The function of wealth creation has shifted toward and distributed among four forces, namely: investment, corporations, consumers, and information technology. Ohmae does a really great job explaining capital and organizational benefit from the advanced modern instruments of communication thus facilitating international transaction and how modern type of consumers affects the flow of goods and services. As a result, investments have ceased to be domestically driven and become so profit driven, that even the nation states increasingly invest abroad these days instead of reinforcing their domestic potential. Similarly, industries and corporations also do not perceive the state interests as the primary guideline in their operations and become increasingly involved in transnational activities.

International Economics Eurozone Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

International Economics Eurozone - Essay Example 29). For instance, Germany is considered to have a comparative advantage in the production of cars in the sense that its cars are considered to be of the highest quality in the market. This creates the opportunity for the substitution of products that have the same factor intensity. The other condition for the occurrence of intra-industry trade is that the production processes of particular products should have fixed costs. This is to ensure that an increase in the production processes is advantageous in the sense that there will be a decrease in the unit costs of the product. This condition is beneficial to both producers and consumers. Producers will be able to reduce the cost of production as they engage in mass production. They will enjoy economies of scale in times of low costs of production. Consumers on the other hand will pay less as more cars are being produced because low costs will be transferred to them. For instance, the more units Mercedes produces, the lower the unit c ost of production. Possible welfare gains of intra industry trade There are two conditions that determine the occurrence of intra-industry trade and they include comparative advantage and economies of scale. ... German citizens are able to get jobs hence improve their living standards. An economy also records an increase in the number of exports and this translates to higher revenue collection. The revenue collected is used in funding projects across the economy and the country is able to improve on its social infrastructure such as hospitals and schools. Increase in imports also reflects that the economy is recording growth in its GDP which eventually translates to higher per capita income. Citizens will be able to meet their basic wants because of the improvement in their income. Economies of scale also have the advantage of improving the social welfare of citizens in the sense that the growth of the industry will stimulate infrastructure development that will be utilized by both producers and the residents (Helpman & Krugman, 2009, p. 100). The other possible welfare gain of intra-industry trade is the provision of quality services because there is specialization in the production process es. Comparative advantages lead to the specialization of industries and this improves the productivity of such industries. Countries are able to access a wider market that makes it easy for consumers have access to quality services and goods that are of high quality from specialized countries. Criteria used to define an optimum currency area. The general definition of an optimum currency area is that it relates to a geographical area where the use of a common currency would create the greatest economic benefit. The theory is closely related to Robert Mundell whose works have made numerous contributions to issues of currency. There are a number of criteria used in defining an optimum currency

The Establishment of Personal and Professional Relationships Essay

The Establishment of Personal and Professional Relationships - Essay Example Through Year Up, I believe that I would gain additional skills and experiences with which I might use to help others more effectively and more comprehensively in the future. In this way, I am almost a representative candidate, meaning that many others will benefit from my participation in your program. Regarding more specific goals, I am eager to combine my interest and aptitude in math with the technology courses and training that your organization offers. Although I am young, at twenty years of age, I have a vision of the future that suggests a more interdisciplinary approach to social and business problems. Technology can no more solve important problems in isolation than can philosophy or ethics or law; quite the contrary, as your program acknowledges with its broadly conceived program, modern problem-solving demands a fusing of disciplines, such as technology, leadership, and organizational management, in order to implement the most effective solutions. I want to be a part of th is interdisciplinary future, this notion that corporate social responsibility can empower individuals too often shut out of important positions, and I want to share my education with others to give them the same opportunities that I have been given in my life. In the final analysis, I believe that I am a model candidate because my goals are consistent with yours and because I firmly believe in empowering individuals through training, education, and the establishment of personal and professional relationships which can be used to help people and communities in need.

Engagement on the Social Web Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Engagement on the Social Web - Assignment Example e fastest growing social technology driven platform where a small take-out restaurant can connect to millions of target customers spread within the geographic boundaries. Since Face Book is the most conveniently accessible platform therefore, there is no expense involved and it is free of time jurisdiction (Packer, 2013). Social technology driven platforms like Face book is integral in enhancing the individual’s ability to act. It is an upshot of social innovation which came into existence to serve the unmet social needs of the customers etc. the social innovation approach actually speaks of the novel ideas approved by technology in order to provide with individuals with something that fulfills their unmet demands. Social innovation approach focuses on a collaborative medium of knowledge sharing platform just like Face Book, regarded as â€Å"atomic action of collaborative media†, where people can interact and gain knowledge about whatever information is uploaded on Face Book, in masses (Medea Maimo University, 2012). Moreover customers are empowered and motivated to participate instead of top down. Since a small takeout restaurant is a grass root organization therefore SMM is the finest marketing platform where it can reach its targeted customers while communicating with them at the sa me time at minimum expense (European Commission, 2013). Packer, G., (2013, May 27).  Breezily Apocalyptic: Silicon Valley Vs. The World - CHANGE THE WORLD: Silicon Valley transfers its slogans—and its money—to the realm of politics. Retrieved  July  23, 2013, from http://breezilyapocalyptic.tumblr.com/post/51271488195/change-the-world-silicon-valley-transfers-its Medea Maimo University (2012, December 10).  Collaborative media: production, consumption and design. Retrieved  July  23, 2013, from

Supply Chain Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Supply Chain Analysis - Essay Example Some of the major benefit of a rapid response supply chain system that are discussed in the paper include timely delivery of the raw material and products, maximum security profit maximization and sales improvement. The logistics performance and inventory assessment is a vital responsibility of evaluators and logistics managers. Key measures used to assess the inventories and logistics performance that are discussed in the paper include Order fill rate, Accuracy of data to improve inventory management, Difference between the Quantity of Products Received and Quantity of Products Ordered, Logistics System Assessment Tool, Perfect order measurement, comprehensive and casual orientation of the logistic performance. The phenomena of local optimization that is brought up by the desire of the supply chain partners to maximize their profits adversely affect the optimality of the entire supply chain. This paper discusses how coordination, relationships among the partners, making sacrifices a nd compromises as major ways of mitigating the problem of local optimization. Supply chain management (SCM) entails the coordination of all the activities that are involved during the production of goods and services in a company. Some of the major aspects that are covered by SCM include transportation and storage of raw materials, controlling and monitoring work-in-progress as well as transportation of the final products from the factories to consumers. A rapid response supply chain system involves the various activities emulated by organizations in order to ensure that they are in line with the changing business atmosphere. Even though companies allocate significant financial resources to improve their supply chains, it is imperative to ensure that there is a positive linkage between partners in a supply chain. A rapid response supply chain system stipulates that there should exist

Corporate Strategy - Analysis of Michael Porter Essay

Corporate Strategy - Analysis of Michael Porter - Essay Example Companies were not willing to take risks and venture into path that was not trodden earlier by some one else. In the information technology sector, imitation became inevitable as emerging economies allowed inwards flow of FDI. When multinationals started expanding to low cost countries they had to enter in joint venture with a local partner, which means they had to transfer technology. When firms entered India, they had to opt for joint ventures. While older technologies are transferred through licensing agreement, new technologies or those with fewer previous transfers or where the transferors have little experience with technology transfers opt for FDI (Eapen & Hennart, 2002). Porter further says, in high-tech industries this imitation phase often continues much longer than it should. This is because once the companies become established they do not plan for anything new and do not have any clear strategic. Stagnation occurs, which results in mediocre returns. Companies that come out with fundamental advantages prosper such as Toyota in the automobile sector. The Big Three in the US automotive industry namely, Ford Motor Company (Ford), General Motors Corporation (GM) and DaimlerChrysler (DC) played a prominent role in the evolution of the automotive industry till the 1990s. The industry adopted the lean production technique from Japan in the 1990s. The auto industry is the most globalized in the world and has undergone turbulent changes. The industry has been facing issues such as facing issues such as slow time to market, costly inventories, overcapacity, and low customer satisfaction and loyalty (Deloitte, 2003). The Big Three did not take initiatives to bring about fundamental changes as technology evolved. This allowed others such as Toyota and Hyundai to dominate the world market. Today Toyota is America’s third most admired organization and enjoy a 17.4 percent share of the US retail market (SD, 2007). Toyota has

Virtue Ethics Criticsm Essay Example for Free

Virtue Ethics Criticsm Essay The biggest criticism of Virtue Ethics is that it doesnt give clear guidance on how to act in specific circumstances. It cannot tell us what the law should be about abortion, euthanasia, pre-implantation genetic diagnosis etc. It gives no clear answer to questions such as Is the environment intrinsically valuable?. The lack of moral rules or a method of addressing dilemmas is the main conceren here, but there is also uncertainty about how you decide on what the virtues are. Many critics say Virtue Ethics simply doesnt do the job of an ethical theory. There are many responses to this. There are no absolute answers to these questions, MacIntyre takes this view that contemporary ethics has distanced itself from real people and real issues by debating fine legalistic points which they will never agree on. Virtue Ethics asks a much more important question what sort of person should I be? This question may have different answers depending where and when it is asked, but it gives real direction and purpose to people. Nussbaum says that there are absolutes. However, it is virtues that have value, not rules. We should strive for Justice, Wisdom, Temperance etc. rather than looking for absolute rules. When thinking about whether to go to war, there are no absolute rules (You must not kill an innocent person, for example, is seen as impractical as all wars lead to innocent people dying). However, we have elected a leader who we want to act justly, to be temperate, to have wisdom etc. Issues such as Embryo Research depend a lot on answers to questions such as When does an embryo/foetus become a person? These questions cannot be answered by ethical theories. MacIntyre would say that to move forward in these issues, we need to better understand the context. For example, we are a society where thousands of embryos die at various stages of the IVF process. There is therefore a contradiction between our societys comfortable response to IVF and the often violent negative reaction to embryonic stem-cell research. When approaching these issues, we should aim to respond with wisdom, right ambition, temperance etc. Virtue Ethics responds confidently to many of these criticisms by drawing attention to the failings of deontological theories and consequentialist positions (GEM Anscombe coined the phrase consequentialism in her 1958 article Modern Moral Philosophy which attacked contemporary ethical theories for being out of touch with the real world. This article may have been largely responsible for the resurrgence of interest in Virtue Ethics). There are other criticisms, though. For example, Virtue Ethics rejects moral absolutes such as Do not lie, but then values the virtue of honesty. Critics claim that the virtues are really another way of stating moral rules, and that the virtues depend on the existence of these rules. Honesty is precisely a virtue because it is wrong to lie. This sort of criticism can lead to a circular debate, but it is actually the biggest threat to the virtue theorist.

Strategic Analysis Of Nestle Company Management Essay

Strategic Analysis Of Nestle Company Management Essay The purpose of this paper is to critically evaluate the strategic decisions that have occurred over the corporate history of Nestle mentioned in the case and to what extent has Mergers and Acquisitions and Strategic Alliances played a role in NESTLEs strategy in that period. In order to evaluate these strategic decisions, the paper shall outline Nestlà ©s historical strategic decisions; give a brief description of each decision and how mergers and acquisitions contributed to the growth of the company. The paper goes on to explain the current strategies of Nestlà © and how sustainable these strategies may be in the future. It explains the rationalisation of these current strategies and the new strategies that ought to be developed. The paper then looks at the future strategies of Nestle to outline the issues that are likely to be faced when these strategies are implemented .Likely actions are then suggested which may help give solutions to problems faced by Nestle on implementation of its future strategies. The strategic decisions involve new product development, extensive research development and entry into new product category which were mostly achieved through mergers and acquisitions. The current strategy was noted as unsustainable in the long term due to the fact that most of the products of Nestlà © cannot be classified as healthy .The suggestion made was that Nestle should come up with strategies that will make them healthier than their competitors. Nestlà ©s future strategies were also scrutinized and possible solutions given to overcome some of the strategic implementation issues the organization is likely to face. 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Evaluate the strategic decisions that have occurred over the corporate history of NESTLE mentioned in the case and to what extent has Mergers and Acquisitions and Strategic Alliances played a role in NESTLEs strategy in that period?    Expansion According to Bell and Shelman (2009), Nestlà ©s sales expanded rapidly across Europe a few years after its inception. The company started developing an international reputation, and in 1905 it took the strategic decision of acquiring its main competitor, the Anglo-Swiss Condensed milk company (Bell and Shelman, 2009). The Federal Trade Commission refers to this as a horizontal merger where a firm acquires a former competitor allowing for a consolidation of companies in the same industry (Barney, 2011). As a result, Nestle in the early 1900s began positioning itself as a powdered milk, and infant food company. Furthermore, the combined companies through the Nestle brand name continued to grow through product and market extension mergers. Barney (2011) describes a product extension merger as one which adopts a complementary product through an acquisition, as seen in the case of Nestle which aligned product adoption in categories such as sugar, milk, cocoa and coffee. Nestlà © further undertook market extension mergers which involve gaining entry into complementary markets through acquisitions (Barney, 2011); whereby Nestle entered the confectionary, coffees, cereals, soft drinks, ice cream, water and prepared foods markets (See Ansoff Matrix below). Ansoff (1965) would argue that Nestlà © uses four different approaches to grow its products and markets. To explain the reasoning behind Nestlà ©s past MAs they can be assigned into these categories of growth which include: market penetration, product development, market development and diversification (See Ansoff Matrix above). During the 1920s, Nestle diversified its portfolio from infant formula to include Milo. This was its first powdered drink not created for infants. Spanning from 1938 to 1948, Nestlà © made the decision to enter into coffee and tea sector with the launch of Nescafe and Nestea. Nestle also diversified into the confectionary market, prepared foods, water, pet foods, energy bar and weight loss markets with the acquisitions of Peter, Cailler, Kohler Swiss Chocolate Company, Maggi, Vittel, Friskies, Powerbar and Jenny Craig respectively. Diversification outside the food and drink industry to enter pharmaceuticals and cosmetics was executed in the 1970s when it became a minority shareholder of LOreal (25%) and later acquired Alcon Laboratories. Barney (2011) highlights that acquiring new companies leads to reduction in production or distribution costs through economies of scale and vertical integration. Mergers and Acquisitions are also beneficial In increasing market share For industry know how and positioning For Financial leveraging (See appendix 3) Reasonable for this industry To improve profitability and EPS (See exhibit 2 for EPS 2006 and 2007) Source: Lasserre (2012) According to Lasserre (2012), MAs can also create several types of values for a company. He argues that they are justifiable if the economic value of the two entities is worth more combined than the sum of independent values before the merger (2012). Thus, the businesses must create shared economic values through synergy by increasing revenues whilst decreasing costs. Lasserre assumes these created values can be both short-term (one-off value) and long-term (synergistic effects). Diversification and global reach were the main values created for Nestlà © in its acquisitions. For example, Carnation enabled Nestle to extend not only in its product range but also to reach new areas around the world. The following table outlines the values created through Nestlà ©s MAs. Nestlà ©s MAs Value created Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company  ·   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Consolidation Maggi  ·   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Diversification Acquisitions in canned and frozen foods, water, ice cream and pets food  ·   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Diversification Alcon Laboratories  ·   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Diversification  ·   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Options (to monitor the evolution of the technology) Carnation  ·   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Global reach  ·   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Diversification Ralston-Purina  ·   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Diversification Jenny Craig  ·   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Diversification Novartiss Gerber  ·   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Global reach  ·   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Options (to monitor the evolution of the technology) Table: Nestlà ©s MAs and their value created. Source: Authors own creation based on information from Bell and Shelman (2009) and Lasserre (2012). Furthermore, the relationship between Nestle and LOreal developed further when they created two joint-ventures: Galderma and Laboratories Inneov. According to Barney (2011), joint ventures are undertaken in order to manage risk, share costs, and enter into new markets and industries. It is assumed that Nestle saw the benefits of alliances rather than acquisitions into the cosmetics market due to its lack of knowledge on the industry. Once Nestlà © diversified its portfolio, they followed-up by expanding brands through what Ansoff (1965) refers to as market penetration. In order to utilise its current resources, and take advantage of the market opportunities created by Milo and Nescafe, Nestle developed new brands such as Nesquik and Nespresso (Bell and Shelman, 2009).   Additionally, Nestlà © acquired more brands consistent with its presence in the water and pet foods market: e.g. Vittel and Friskies.   Ã‚   According to Ansoff (1965), market development is the introduction of existing products into new markets. This can be seen through Nestlà ©s acquisitions of Stouffer, which enabled the company to sell its food products to different markets: frozen prepared meals. Lastly, Nestle used product development to introduce new products such as Buitoni, Carnation, and Kit Kat to grow within its existing market of food, powdered drinks and confectionary. Nestlà ©s diverse portfolio provides it with a competitive advantage, and has enabled the company to become the worlds largest food and Beverage Company (Bell and Shelman, 2009). However, it seems that some product diversifications through mergers and acquisitions led to the downfall of its profits; especially visible in the years leading up to Mauchers administration (Bell and Shelman, 2009). Barney (2011) suggests that mergers and acquisitions between strategically unrelated businesses do not necessarily create significant economic profits. Thus, it can be assumed that Nestlà ©s strategically unrelated acquisition of Alcon and partial acquisition of LOreal between 1974 and 1977, contributed to a decline in profits between 1978 and 1981. Supply Chain Rationalisation As Nestle grew and entered new markets, they worked towards horizontally integrating their supply chain. According to Christopher (2005), companies such as Nestle seek to spread geographically, whilst reducing costs through economies of scale by prioritising manufacturing and operational processes. This can be seen throughout the 1900s as Nestle invests in its value chain by: opening processing plants within the U.S., Britain, Germany and Spain; manufacturing in Australia; warehouses in Singapore, Hong Kong and Bombay; and factories in the U.S. and Brazil (Bell and Shelman 2009) (See Nestlà ©s value chain). Firm infrastructure Decentralized organization Executive Committee consists of the CEO and 12 top managers The company is structured through 43 regional organisations reporting to directors of three geographic zones (zone Europe, Asia/Oceania/Africa and zone Americas). Country managers are given a large degree of autonomy when dealing with customer matters. Nestlà ©s Value chain Human Resource Management Focus on developing local management Investment in training and providing cross experiences People start from the bottom and move their way up in the organisation Unique culture/ focus on long term results Developing people from acquired companies. Technology Development Strong RD platform/ open innovation model Big investment in RD (investment to support pharmaceutical businesses and food, nutrition, health and wellness) Creating an innovation acceleration team to support rapid product introductions. Initiating a common technology infrastructure/ a comprehensive information system named the GLOBE. Margin Procurement Purchasing some raw materials instead of processing them in-house. 60% of materials purchases from emerging economies Direct sourcing -In developing countries agricultural commodities are bought from local markets and often directly from farmers- rather than on the world market Service Jenny Craig -personal nutrition counselling / Jenny Direct website and phone /Home delivery. Personalized services 24/7 service though telephone and internet help line for Nestlà ©s premium products. Marketing sales Positioning the company as healthy Strong brands product and brand differentiation. Dealing directly with consumers. Medical nutrition: market to professionals Outbound Logistics Synchronization of data between manufacturing and retailers- through the GLOBE system. Introducing new distribution channels for some brands (e.g. Nespresso corners, boutiques and home delivery) Inbound Logistics Ware- Housing Operations -Manufacturing, food processing plants -Producing locally -About half of the factories are in developing countries/ production for the local market. -Partnership with local farmers -providing advice and support -Implementing quality control processes. Moreover, Nestle made the strategic decision of establishing local supply chains which meant deploying its agricultural capabilities down to  the farm level through strategic alliances. This is referred to as their milk district model which allows farmers to supply milk to the company directly and in exchange Nestle provides its resources and know-how, such as providing storage and chilling facilities (Nestle, 2012). This highlights the fact that Nestle was seeking to establish its value chain activities, or Global business system, earlier on in its history (See value chain above).   According to Hill and Hill (2009), this type of model has the capability of reinforcing a companys competitive advantage as it is able to overcome barriers to integration, better respond to delivery speed, simplify sharing of information and reduce costs of production (Bell and Shelman, 2009). Adapting to a Global Role Nestle recognised that for it to sustain its competitive advantage it needed to establish a global technological platform to capture data, manage information and create knowledge (Bell and Shelman, 2009). Consequently Brabeck made the strategic decision of initiating the GLOBE system. Using this common technological infrastructure, it would be able to share information amongst all Nestlà ©s businesses and allowed for a synchronization of data in its supply chain (Bell and Shelman 2009). Refocused Strategy: Nutrition, Health and Wellness Nutrition has always been an integral part of Nestlà ©s vision, dating back to its first nutritious infant formula. However, due to Nestlà ©s realisation of consumers being increasingly aware of the link between food, health and personal wellbeing, there has been more of a shift away from a technology and processing-driven image towards health and wellness (Bell and Shelman 2009). Under Brabecks tenure, a Nutrition Strategic Business Division was created, along with the acquisitions of Proteika, Musashi (nutrition business), Jenny Craig (diet centres) and Novartis Medical Nutrition (Bell and Shelman 2009). Restructuring of Research and Development Unit Nestlà © also made a strategic decision of restructuring its RD unit to satisfy customer needs and internal growth. This was by shifting away from small decentralized units set up globally to limited large resource-intensive centres. This was done to renovate old brands by finding multiple uses for its product. Under Brabecks tenure, a 60/40 preference rating system was introduced where products were either discontinued or sold if they did not achieve the 60% level. This was done in order to ameliorate the companys performance and market orientation (Bell and Shelman, 2009). 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚   To what extent is the current strategy of NESTLE competitively sustainable in the future? How should it be rationalised and what new strategies ought to be developed in the future? Current strategy Nestlà ©s current strategy was to achieve worldwide sustainable competitiveness through four strategic pillars: low cost, efficient operations, renovation and innovation of the Nestle product line, universal availability and improved communication with consumers through better branding. They also had a vision of transforming the company from a technology-and processing-driven food and beverage company towards a vision of nutrition, health and wellness. (Bell and Shelman, 2009, p.3). Nestlà ©s current strategy of reorganizing its operations did come as an advantage as in some cases moved away from its agricultural and processing roots to buying the ingredients from outside suppliers (Bell and Shelman, 2009). This can be argued on the basis of Nestlà © reducing the steps of its value chain activities as Brabeck explained some of these activities could not add value to some businesses. An example would be the fact that Nestlà © exited from cocoa roasting but still carried on producing chocolate. This in turn reduced the costs and made the value chain more efficient. In fact, in terms of strategic operations, Lasserre (2012) argues that making fundamental changes in the value chain can lead to developing new products and services which can help a company sustain its innovative advantage. Moreover, to enhance the reliability of its suppliers, Nestlà © implemented a strategy of forming partnerships with its suppliers by creating direct links with them and providin g them with support and technical advice. This helped the company cope with the volatility of the supply market and enhance its operations.   Therefore, in terms of operational efficiency, Nestlà © can be seen to be sustainably competitive. Secondly, Nestlà ©s current strategy was focused on renovating and innovating its product line through reorganizing its RD.   Lasserre (2012) suggests that organizations such as Nestlà © could be trying to gain a critical mass advantage. He further explains that in order to achieve this, a minimum amount of resources needs to be mobilized for an activity to perform efficiently and effectively. Hence, Nestlà ©s shift from decentralized units of RD to few large resource-intensive centres. As a result of its RD centralization, Nestlà © was able to reinvigorate old brands; an example was finding multiple uses of the Nesquik brand from not only being a powder but to also present it as syrup and into ready to drink varieties. However, this strategy came at a disadvantage to Nestlà © as they lost the benefits of decentralization. These benefits include proximity to markets which gives a firm the ability to create products that fit local customer specificities, gaining access to geogr aphical clusters of knowledge creation and development access to good-quality scientists and the capability of a firm to learn from different market and cultures (Lasserre, 2012). Therefore, in terms of its RD strategy, it could be argued that Nestlà © will have trouble sustaining its competitive advantage in the future since part of its future strategy is to expand to other markets. Thirdly, with the introduction of GLOBE in the mid-2000s, Nestle initiated an era of capturing data by tying all of Nestlà ©s entities together under a common technological platform. This led to the company standardizing its data to manage its vast information and create and share knowledge among its Strategic business units, manufacturers and retailers. The main idea was to use shared knowledge to enhance the collaboration between all the different units of the company which can reduce costs and produce value all over the organisation. Bauwens (2012) outlines this as a social innovation where knowledge is shared and can be used by others. A good example would be the fact that the Globe system allowed for a synchronization of data leading to an improvement in order fulfilment between manufacturers and retailers. This has allowed Nestlà © to sustain its competitive advantage by adapting much faster to change and delivering value to customer (Lasserre, 2012). Therefore, knowledge sha ring has the potential to play a big role in helping Nestlà © maintain its competitive advantage.    Nestlà ©s final strategic pillar of improving communication between the organization and consumers through better branding could signify the companys efforts to differentiate its products. Barney (2011) would argue that Nestlà © could be trying to alter perceptions of current and potential consumers by altering its product features. In fact, Nestlà © focused on reducing fat and calories as well as incorporating healthy and natural ingredients into a wide range of products. It could be argued also that better branding is linked to its vision of moving from a food and beverage company to a wellness, health and nutrition company. This could also be Nestlà ©s way of differentiating its products by taking advantage of its reputation in the marketplace as a leading company in its industry. Therefore, customers would, in the long term, respond positively to the companys efforts of producing healthier products. Thus, if Nestlà © actually succeeds in changing peoples perceptions and posi tion itself as a health driven company, it can manage to maintain its competitive advantage in the future. It is through these four strategic pillars that Nestlà © derives its current model, the Nestlà © model, which refers to the companys long term of objectives of organic growth (target of 5% and 6% each year), continuous yearly improvement in EBIT and improve capital management which determines the assets of the company against the profit it generates (Bell and Shelman, 2009). The company seems to be achieving its objective as it has slightly improved its earnings before interest and taxes as seen in exhibit 6; it has slightly made progress in its capital management through its improved return on capital employed as seen in Appendix 2; and it has been able to achieve its objective of organic growth between 5% and 6% except for 3 years between 1996 -2007 years also indicated in Exhibit 6. Therefore, it is safe to assume that Nestlà ©s current strategy is competitively sustainable in the present however it remains to be seen if it can be successful in the future with its new vision . This is due to the fact that Nestlà © is possibly trying to implement both product differentiation and cost leadership strategies. Porter (1980) defines such firms as stuck in the middle (Barney, 2011). On the one hand, three of its strategic pillars indicate the companys intention of becoming a cost leader through low cost operations, restructuring its product line and efficiently managing its knowledge. On the other hand, it wants to differentiate its whole portfolio of products and services by changing the product features or by diversifying their products. Porter (1980) cited in Barney 2011 further explains that if a firm tries to implement both strategies then one of them will fail. He continues to add that for a firm to be economically superior in a single industry then they need to sell   at a high price and have small market share (product differentiator) or sell at a low price and gain significant market share (cost leader) therefore Nestlà © needs to decide which of the two it wants to become . As a result, a lot of their organizational requirements such as organizational structure and management control systems are stuck in the middle for example the fact that certain products need to be managed globally especially in the nutrition division while others are locally managed. Nestlà ©s current strategy could be rationalized by foregoing their vision of being a nutrition, health and wellness organization. Instead they should focus on being more of a healthier food and beverages company as a cost leader with its current Nestlà © model. First of all, if Nestlà © was to pursue a health, nutrition and wellness strategy Nestlà © would then have to restructure its product portfolio by getting rid of its unhealthy products such as Hot Pockets, and Kit-Kat. In exhibit 8 it can be seen that these products do not deliver growth to the company yet in exhibit 9 they seem to have a higher market share. This shows that the unhealthy products are in fact the cash cows of Nestlà © which indicate that they are the foundation of the company. It should try and follow Unilevers example of focusing on its core products. Therefore, Nestlà © should frame new strategies and make changes to its vision. Instead of holding on to unrealistic goals, the company could reposition itself in the market as becoming healthier than the competition. In fact, Nestlà © has already implemented this approach in the past with several products by introducing some nutritional improvements. As an example, Nestlà © reduced ice-cream fat by 50% and calories by 30% for Dreyers Slow Churned ice-creams and added healthy ingredients to some chocolate snacks (Bell and Shelman 2009). This indicates that the company has the resources needed to deploy this repositioning strategy. The company should also revaluate its SWOT analysis in terms of switching its vision to Health, Nutrition and Wellness. (refer to Appendix 2) Indeed, the strong RD platform enables Nestlà © to produce more healthy products while maintaining its taste. Moreover, Nestlà © has the capabilities of doing so with its open innovation model (global network with 5,000 scientists and technologists as well as RD centres worldwide) which enables the company to maximize its chances of coming up with new and innovative products. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚   With regards to future strategies what are the strategic implementation issues likely to be faced by the company and what actions should they take to overcome them? Future strategies One of the future strategies of Nestlà © is to grow internally instead of growing through mergers and acquisition. Implementing this strategy could be catastrophic for the company as its growth has been largely relying on acquisitions and joint ventures. Nestlà © would also lose the benefits of using joint ventures, strategic alliances and acquisitions (Appendix 4). This would then imply that Nestlà © would have to use its own resources and core competencies to expand thus placing a greater risk on the business. It can also have a negative impact on the liquidity position of the company. A way in which this issue could be overcome is by applying both strategies. By applying both strategies, the company would be able to spread its corporate risk and share its costs as its return on capital employed still continues to generate profits for the company. Additionally, Nestlà © has managed to build strong foundations through mergers and acquisitions which has led it to improve its financial position. As seen on Exhibit 4, the acquisition of businesses has increased from 447 million in 2006 to 456 million in 2007 which has improved its cash flow. Therefore, in order to maintain a strong position, Nestlà © should carry on with mergers and acquisitions as well as growing internally. Another of the future strategies initiated by Bulcke is to shift the structure of Nestlà © from an organisation by country to an organisation by business through sharing best practices using GLOBE (Bell and Shelman 2009, p.10). He argues that this would enable Nestlà © to start managing its operations globally instead of adapting to every market. However, using the McKinsey 7s framework, many issues can be foreseen as seen on the table below. Factor Strategy Produce variety of quality products, wide variety of brands. Focus on nutrition, health and wellness. 4 strategic pillars (low cost, efficient operations, renovation and innovation of the Nestle product line, universal availability and improved communication with consumers through better branding) (Bell and Shelman, 2009, p. 3) Structure Decentralised and relatively flat organisational structure which helps to cater for local needs thus increasing flexibility. organized by country/ every country is like a small kingdom It has operations worldwide through strategic business units. System Comprehensive information system:   the GLOBE Employees move from the bottom up in the organisation. Style Democratic leadership style: managers are given autonomy to take decisions.   As such, they feel a sense of belonging in the organisation Staff Nestlà © maintains local companies with regional staff in local markets as they better understand the needs of customers. 43 regional organisations. More than 275,000 employees. It has a pool of experts- its staff consists of scientists, technologists from top universities (Bell and Shelman, 2009, p. 6) Skills Nestlà ©s competitive advantage is its RD. It has a high level of technology (23 Product Technology Centres), and  a network of experts around the world. (Bell and Shelman, 2009, p. 9). Shared Values Deliver long term value to shareholders. Focus on long term results. Unwritten culture strong personal culture (Bell and Shelman, 2009, p. 8). Although the change in the structure and the strategy was supported with a change in systems by adapting the GLOBE, other elements of the framework have not been adapted. For instance, the style used by Nestlà © was a democratic leadership style where management in the different countries are given a great deal of autonomy. By changing to a more centralized and global management style some internal resistance from the people can emerge.   The different markets are used to operating as small kingdoms (Bell and Shelman 2009, p.10). Therefore, given that country managers in the different countries were used to be given a great deal of freedom especially when dealing with issues related directly to the customer, this new strategy can produce some internal problems for Nestlà ©. To overcome this issue, other elements of the 7s framework have to be adapted. The main element that links everything together is shared values. Nestlà © has to work on making changes to its internal culture by introducing new shared values between its people. Implementing the GLOBE is not enough to implement the new strategy, a culture of sharing information and best practices should also be introduced and reinforced. Nestlà © should teach its people to move from a management style of taking control and matters into their own hands to a style of sharing control and producing decisions globally and collectively. The implementation of this approach may differ across countries due to the cross-cultural differences between countries. According to Lasserre (2012), country specific cultural values influence managerial values and assumptions in an organisation. As an example, Lasserre (2012) illustrates that western countries are more individualistic while Asian countries are collectivists which heavily impacts how business is done in these countries. In terms of implementing a culture of sharing, it can be assumed that Asian countries would respond more positively to the change than western countries.   Ã‚   Nestlà © intends to achieve its future growth by implementing four platforms for growth which are health, nutrition and wellness (to be the centrepiece), emerging markets, out of home consumption and premiumisation of existing products. (Bell and Shelman, 2009).The aforementioned strategy for growth is expected to double Nestlà ©s sales in the next 10 years. (Bell and Shelman, 2009)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Bulcke emphasized that the priority should be on health, nutrition and wellness to implement the vision into every product segment and every country. This vision is in line with Brabecks strategies of going beyond food to Nutrition, Health and Wellness (Bell and Shelman, 2009). The total sales for Nestlà © Nutrition segment has significantly increased from 5,964 million in 2006 to 8,434 in 2007, which represents an improvement of 41% as shown in Exhibit 11. Although total sales have increased, most products that have led to this increase in sales were unhealthy. So, in order to maintain its vision as a Health, Nutrition and Wellness, Nestlà © should give up its unhealthy products in the long term. However, this would negatively impact on the financial position of the company as these are its core products. Moreover, making the same products available in every market might not be adapted to the needs of every customer in terms of tastes, preferences and nutritional value so Nestlà © should make sure at least every different product are tailored to the needs of every different market.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Regarding emerging markets, Bulcke found out that these markets are growing at a faster pace and therefore Nestlà © should integrate further into it as there is a high potential for growth. The implementation of popularly position products (PPP), a strategy designed for low income earners so they can afford good nutrition products on a daily basis, is ex

Organization resource management

Organization resource management ‘The organization resource management may be defined as the composition of people and tools in any organisation for the attainment of the organisational goals. The organisation resource management in star bucks company has achieved greater heights by planning, organising and controlling the resources available within the organisation to achieve its goals. Starbucks is one of the best known and fastest growing companies in the world. Set up in 1971, in Seattle, the company grew slowly initially, but expanded rapidly in the late 1980s and the 1990s. By the early 2000s, the number of outlets reached to about 3000 from 9000 outlets . It was widely believed that the companys success and rapid growth could be attributed largely to its committed and motivated workforce. This ensured that employees remained motivated, and Starbucks had a relatively low employee turnover However, in the early 2000s, the company faced the challenge of finding and retaining the right number and kind of employees to man its future growth. In January 2005, when Starbucks Coffee Company (Starbucks) was placed second among large companies in the Fortune Best Companies to Work For survey Despite the fact that employees, especially those on the frontline, are critical to the success of retail businesses, most companies do not have a strong relationship with their employees, and consequently suffer from a high rate of employee turnover (In the early 2000s, employee turnover in the retail industry was around 200 percent). In this scenario, Starbucks stood out for its employee-friendly policies and supportive work culture. The company was especially noted for the extension of its benefits program to part-time workers something that not many other companies offered. As a result, Starbucks employees were among the most productive in the industry and the company had a relatively low employee turnover. However, by the early 2000s, three possible problems had to be considered would the company be able to support its staff with the same level of benefits in the future, given the large increase in the number of employees; would the company be able to retain employees if it made any move to lower its human resource costs by cutting down on benefits; and would Starbucks be able to maintain its small company culture, an important element in its past growth. Starbucks realized early on that motivated and committed human resources were the key to the success of a retail business. Therefore the company took great care in selecting the right kind of people and made an effort to retain them. Starbucks recruitment motto was To have the right people hiring the right people. Starbucks hired people for qualities like adaptability, dependability and the ability to work in a team. The company often stated the qualities that it looked for in employees upfront in its job postings, which allowed prospective employees to self-select themselves to a certain extent. Having selected the right kind of people, Starbucks invested in training them in the skills they would require to perform their jobs efficiently. Starbucks was one of the few retail companies to invest considerably in employee training and provide comprehensive training to all classes of employees, including part-timers Analysts said that Starbucks biggest challenge in the early 2000s would be to ensure that the companys image as a positive employer survived its rapid expansion program, and to find the right kind of people in the right numbers to support these expansion plans. Considering the rate at which the company was expanding, analysts wondered whether Starbucks would be able to retain its spirit even when it doubled or tripled its size. By the early 2000s, the company began to show signs that its generous policies and high human resource costs were reflecting on its financial strength. Although the company did not reveal the amount it spent on employees, it said that it spent more on them than it did on advertising, which stood at $68.3 million in fiscal 2004. That the company was finding its human resource costs burdensome was reflected in the fact that it effected an increase of 11 cents on its beverage prices in mid-2004. Analysts wondered whether the companys cost problems could be met by a price increase, as customers already paid a premium for Starbucks beverages. On the other hand, it would not be easy for the company to cut down on benefits, as it could result in a major morale problem within the company. A strategic HR plan lays out the steps that an organization will take to ensure that it has the right number of employees with the right skills in the right places at the right times. HR managers begin by analyzing the companys mission, objectives, and strategies. Starbucks objectives, for example, include the desire to â€Å"develop enthusiastically satisfied customers† as well as to foster an environment in which employees treat both customers and each other with respect. Thus, the firms HR managers look for people who are â€Å"adaptable, self-motivated, passionate, creative team members Job Analysis To develop an HR plan, HR managers must obviously be knowledgeable about the jobs that the organization needs performed. They organize information about a given job by performing a job analysis job analysis Identification of the tasks, responsibilities, and skills of a job, as well as the knowledge and abilities needed to perform it. to identify the tasks, responsibilities, and skills that it entails, as well as the knowledge and abilities needed to perform it. Managers also use the information collected for the job analysis to prepare two documents: †¢A job description job description Outline of the duties and responsibilities of a position., which lists the duties and responsibilities of a position †¢A job specificationjob specificationDetailed list of the qualifications needed to perform a job, including required skills, knowledge, and abilities., which lists the qualifications—skills, knowledge, and abilities—needed to perform the job Training Regular training to the stuff was the most important key to the success of the company the employees were on a regular knowledge of the latest equipments used in the company. The company spends loads of sum on training of employees. This Mkes the employees more efficient and effective in their tasks. Advantages of training Staff become more competent at their jobs Staff become moer flexible Staff motivation increases Increased productivity Changes become easier to introduce Fewer accidents The organisations image improves eg when dealing with customers Reduced waste Disadvantages of training Once fully trained, staff may leave for better paid jobs Financial cost of training may be high Work time is lost when staff are being trained Quality of training must be high for it to have a positive effect

The Importance of Books in Fahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury :: essays research papers

One of the themes which happens to be the biggest one is burning books because they conflict with each other and the ideas of society. The firemen don't fight fires, they start them when they find books. Recollections and thoughts, writings and teachings from the greatest minds in history go up in flames because the government doesn't want people to fill their heads with it and develop an individual intelligence. The government is afraid of the books because they stimulate people's minds to think for themselves and away from the main track that the general public was expected to follow. The government covered up the problems of the world that still wore on, like war, and didn't let the people see it or have it affect them. They heard about it and that was all. In general, people's lives became better, but it was of no consequence because they didn't know what it was like to have things not go well and as planned. A candy cane is much sweeter after you think about eating oil. Another reason they burn books is because they don't agree and they aren't real. The government figures that there is no use in people thinking about things that don't exist, especially when each book's ideas conflict. I think that conflicting ideas helps us think for ourselves because we are forced to make decisions. Making a decision is a lot better when you have more food for thought to work with. Also, it would be boring not to have conflicting ideas. So many things that we value and we can be proud of in terms of the accomplishments of the human race went up in flames in the book. Everything from Socrates, Newton, the Bible, Thoreau, Hans Christian Anderson and Shakespeare was wiped out because they didn't go together fluently with

Wealth :: essays research papers

Wealth   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The Gospel of Wealth† written by Andrew Carnegie discusses the post Civil War industrial expansion era, a time that produced immense wealth for many business tycoons. Andrew Carnegia, an elite industrialist, created a very large wealth for himself during this time. Some of the elite industrialists tried to change their â€Å"robber baron image by curbing their often ostentatious lifestyles and seeking opportunities to enhance the community.† Andrew for one, decided that it was imperative for wealthy individuals to disperse their wealth throughout the society for the advancement of the community. In his article he believes that the conditions of society have revolutionized over the past hundred years, and it was inevitable that some individuals would become quite prosperous. He believes that the change that has occurred, should not be looked down upon but should be welcomed, because then their can be great things. Furthermore, Andrew Carnegie ma de a list of duties for men with wealth to abide by. He suggested that the wealthy should set of example of modesty, by shunning the display of extravagance, and should live unostentatiously. Carnegie believed that the rich man should become a trustee for the poorer man, either giving insight, superior wisdom, or through experiences. Carnegie believes that the rich man should be restricted to the examples of Peter Cooper, Enoch Pratt of both Baltimore and Brooklyn, who have improved the community and have created things such as parks for everyone to enjoy. He concludes, that a wealthy man who dies rich, will be unwept, and unhonored, while being disgraced. Thus, one should be a philanthropist and give back to the community. I truly feel that Andrew Carnegie article is filled with great principles. I think it is great when you see wealthy individuals giving back to the community. Although, I find it almost ironic and contradictory that after having written this that he lived in such an extravagant mansion. Nevertheless, I think his house is beautiful and it is great that he gave so much back to the community, like libraries, a university, and recreational places. A good friend of mine from school back in Miami had a very affluent grandfather who owned the distributing rights to numerous popular beverage companies. He passed away this month and had over 2,000 people at his funeral. Wealth :: essays research papers Wealth   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The Gospel of Wealth† written by Andrew Carnegie discusses the post Civil War industrial expansion era, a time that produced immense wealth for many business tycoons. Andrew Carnegia, an elite industrialist, created a very large wealth for himself during this time. Some of the elite industrialists tried to change their â€Å"robber baron image by curbing their often ostentatious lifestyles and seeking opportunities to enhance the community.† Andrew for one, decided that it was imperative for wealthy individuals to disperse their wealth throughout the society for the advancement of the community. In his article he believes that the conditions of society have revolutionized over the past hundred years, and it was inevitable that some individuals would become quite prosperous. He believes that the change that has occurred, should not be looked down upon but should be welcomed, because then their can be great things. Furthermore, Andrew Carnegie ma de a list of duties for men with wealth to abide by. He suggested that the wealthy should set of example of modesty, by shunning the display of extravagance, and should live unostentatiously. Carnegie believed that the rich man should become a trustee for the poorer man, either giving insight, superior wisdom, or through experiences. Carnegie believes that the rich man should be restricted to the examples of Peter Cooper, Enoch Pratt of both Baltimore and Brooklyn, who have improved the community and have created things such as parks for everyone to enjoy. He concludes, that a wealthy man who dies rich, will be unwept, and unhonored, while being disgraced. Thus, one should be a philanthropist and give back to the community. I truly feel that Andrew Carnegie article is filled with great principles. I think it is great when you see wealthy individuals giving back to the community. Although, I find it almost ironic and contradictory that after having written this that he lived in such an extravagant mansion. Nevertheless, I think his house is beautiful and it is great that he gave so much back to the community, like libraries, a university, and recreational places. A good friend of mine from school back in Miami had a very affluent grandfather who owned the distributing rights to numerous popular beverage companies. He passed away this month and had over 2,000 people at his funeral.

127 Hours Essay

127 Hours is the true story of mountain climber Aron Ralston’s remarkable adventure to save himself after a fallen boulder crashes on his arm and traps him in an isolated canyon in Utah. Over the next five days Ralston examines his life and survives the elements to finally discover he has the courage and the wherewithal to extricate himself by any means necessary, scale a 65 foot wall and hike over eight miles before he can be rescued. Throughout his journey, Ralston recalls friends, lovers, family, and the two hikers he met before his accident. Outdoor adventurist Aron Ralston believes he’s invincible and can do it all alone while on his outdoor adventures. He considers the great outdoors his second home. On Saturday, April 26, 2003, Aron has gone for an adventure trek alone through the generally secluded Blue John Canyon, and like he has done on many of his other treks, he has not told anyone where he is going. But on this day, he and a small boulder fall down a crevi ce, he landing near the bottom of the crevice virtually unharmed, but with his right hand wedged between the boulder and the crevice wall. He has access to his gear and his small supply of rations as he tries to move the boulder or chip away at it so that he can get his wedged hand free. As either task seems impossible, he hopes for someone to rescue him. Those most likely candidates are Kristi and Megan, two women he met earlier that day who are the only two who know that he is in the canyon, or his boss Brion, who may list him as missing if he doesn’t show up for his scheduled work time on Tuesday (three days away). As time goes on and he deals not only with the boulder and lack of rations but also with the extreme weather conditions, he begins to think about his mortality, his mind often going toward his loving but somewhat distant relationship with his family, or his last broken love with a woman named Rana. As he films himself (as a goodbye message to his family) often with his mind wandering, he, during his more lucid moments, also thinks about the possibility of trying to sever his arm as he will lose it a nyway if he survives this ordeal. On April 2003, the engineer, climber and canyoneer Aron Ralston travels to Blue John Canyon without telling anyone to spend the weekend doing what he likes to do: climb the isolated canyon. He meets the teenagers Kristi and Megan that are lost and they spend a couple of hours together bathing in a lake in a cave. He says goodbye to them and while descending a canyon crack, a chockstone comes loose rolling onto his arm. Aron realizes that he is stuck and he tries to find a way to release the stone. Along five days short of water and without food, Aron becomes delusional and recalls his family and friends. After the fifth day, he decides to sever his forearm to survive.

Minicase Prairie Stores Essay

What is the Rate of Return Percentage? In the mini-case, Mr. Breezeway indicated two kinds of percentage to determine the required return. One of them is the companies’ return on book equity (% 15) and the other one is the investment return percentage in the rural supermarket industry (% 11) which shows that investors in rural supermarket chains, with risks similar to Prairie Home Stores, expected to earn about % 11 percent on average. Since the companies’ rate of return determined by the rate of return offered by other equally risky stocks, then it should be % 11. The Rapid Growth Scenario Step 1: Being able to calculate the present value of the companies’ stocks, we should first calculate the present value of the companies’ dividends. Years 2016-2021= 0à ·(1.11) + 0à ·(1.11)2 +0à ·(1.11)3 +0à ·(1.11)4 +14à ·(1.11)5 +14.7à ·(1.11)6 = 8.31+7.86 = 16.17 $ Present value of the dividends between 2016-2021 Step 2 : In step 2, we should estimate the Prairie Stores’ stock price at the horizon year (2021), when growth rate has settled down. According to mini-case, after 2019 the company will resume its normal growth. Since the investment plan is going to continue 6 years, we should choose the year 2021 as a horizon year. Growth rate: plowback ratio Ãâ€" return on equity (Given in the notes) Plowback ratio = Retained earnings à · Earnings (2021) = 7.4 million à · 22 million = 0.33 % 33 Return on equity = Earnings à · Book value, start of the year (2021) = 22 million à · 146.9 million = 0.15 % 15 Growth rate = % 33 Ãâ€" % 15 = % 5 Div 2022 = 1.05 Ãâ€"14.7P2021 = Dividend 2022 à · r – g = 15.44 $ = 15.44 million à · 0.11- 0.05 = 257.33 million Step 3 :Being able to find the present value of total stocks ( at the beginning of 2016), first we should discount the 2021 total stock value by 6 years and we should also add the present value of dividends to this amount. P0 = 16.17 $ + 257.33 à · (1.11)6 = 153.75 million $ Present Value of the Stock Per share = 153.75 million à · 400,000 (Outstanding shares) = 384.37 $ If the company did go public, its share price should be $384.37 for per share with the rapid growth scenario. The Constant Growth Scenario: Growth rate: plowback ratio Ãâ€" return on equity (Given in the notes) Plowback ratio = Retained earnings à · Earnings (2016) = 4/12 = % 33 Return on equity = Earnings à · Book value, start of the year (2016) = 12 à · 80 = % 15 Growth rate = % 33 Ãâ€" % 15 = % 5 P0 = Div2016 à · r – g Per Share Value = 133.33 million à · 400,000 = 8 million à · 0.11 – 0.05 = 333.33 $ = 133.33 million If the company did go public, its share price should be $333.33 for per share with the constant growth scenario. Conclusion: If I were Ms. Firewater, I would recommend the rapid growth scenario because with the rapid growth scenario the companies’ present per share value higher than it could have been with the constant rate scenario. In addition, this investment decision depends on shareholders’ opinion. As we know, some of the shareholders are dependent on the generous regular dividends. As a result, these shareholders might have not wanted to choose the rapid grow scenario. On the other hand, the shareholders who have more interest with the companies’ future stock value, will probably choose the rapid growth scenario. Mr. Breezeway’s advise not to sell the companies’ per stock for $200 was right. Any price under $333.33 for per share will be not acceptable for me, if I am dependant on the dividend income. On the other hand, If I were not need the dividend income and want to sell my shares, I would not accept any price under $384.37 for per share.

Buying a Car Essay

My generation ( Gen Y) are known as the global generation, culturally diverse; we have mobile careers , we are travellers and basically we don’t like being tied down to long term commitments. So I am not overly excited at the prospects of buying a car. They cost a lot, I could use that money to pay off my HECS debt or go overseas with this money. Besides anything else, it’s dangerous being on the road, according to statistics young people are far more likely to be involved in a road crash than any other age group on the road and besides, public transport allows me to use my ‘i’ stuff and keep connected with my friends and family rather than spending hours on the road concentrating trying to avoid crashing. So, do I really want a car? Introduction Buying a new car has legal and fiscal consequences. Without a full understanding of your rights and responsibilities you could leave yourself open to costly legal battles, fines or end up with a poor credit rating that would have consequences for many years to come. Purchasing a new car requires research, consideration and an understanding of your rights and responsibilities under the law before any contracts are signed or any vehicles purchased. The legal and fiscal responsibilities include loan repayments, registration, insurance, running cost and awareness of your consumer rights. I will be discussing responsibilities as a responsible consumer and inform you of your consumer rights in relation to purchasing a vehicle. Body The guidelines for this research are to following, a budget of $35,000 and then select either a new, 2013, KIA hatchback at $15400 or a used, 2009, Mazda 3 at $12000. The two financial institutions that I chose from were the ANZ bank and the Nation Australia Bank, known as NAB. From this I had to purchase a vehicle as well as making sure I had enough money to maintain the car as well, according to my needs. Loans for cars are obtained from financial institutions such as banks and building societies. The loan for the purchase and running costs of the car was financed by the ANZ bank rather than the NAB. Both are reputable institutions, however the cheaper rate in combination with investments I already had with the bank made it the better choice . The repayments were compared with NAB with a rate of 13.76% which was more expensive when compared with ANZ’s 12.99%. The loan with ANZ worked out at repayments of $ 186.12 per week which would total at $9678.24 per year. The loan taken out is a personal loan for $35,000 not a specific car loan. A secured car loan would have been cheaper as the institution would have the car as security. However I wanted more than the cost of the car so the extra needed to be a personal. Registration of a car is a legal requirement for the vehicle to be on the road, with dire consequences if this registration is not maintained. The registration allows for common safety standards to be enforced and provides an efficient system to prevent the re-registration of stolen or unroadworthy vehicles . A car must legally be registered to drive on roads and can be registered for 6 or 12 months. The cost for both cars was $173.80 for six months with a yearly cost of $347.60. Cars are registered at the Department of Main Roads customer service section. The following steps are needed to complete registration, a road worthy or safety certificate, a completed registration application form, a compulsory third party certificate if not included in registration, old registration papers, evidence of a vehicles garage address, evidence of an individual’s identification and a means of paying registration fees. There are two main types of insurances for cars. One is compulsory and the other optional. The compulsory insurance is called compulsory third party insurance and is collected as part of your vehicle registration in Queensland. It indemnifies vehicle owners and drivers who are legally liable for personal injury to any other party in a crash, however the coast of the third part vehicle are not covered. Comprehensive insurance, covers you and your property in the case of a crash. You can get third party property car insurance, however this does not cover damage to your own vehicle so I decided not to explore the option any further. Two insurance companies were researched, AAMI and RACQ. AAMI ‘s new car insurance calculated to $412.60 per year. This was compared with RACQ, which came to$ 617.20 per year. Insurance can be paid online which is cheaper, or at the insurance companies’ call centre. Used car comprehensive insurance was $441.98 dollars per year. AAMI was chosen as it was the cheapest insurance. It is a reputable company and the terms and conditions of the insurance policy suitable for the car’s requirements. Running costs are a fiscal responsibility that needs to be calculated into a budget when purchasing a vehicle. The following running costs have been calculated on the cars stipulated in the research guidelines. The new car running costs include fuel at $1357.20 for the year. This was calculated using an average kilometre usage of 15,080 kilometres per year. Servicing came to $ 904.80 and tyres came to $174.92 per year. Cleaning costs were included adding up to $1040 per year. The total running costs for a new car is $3477. The used car costs were similar with fuel at $1357.20, servicing at $821.86 and tyres $168.89.The costs of cleaning over a year was calculated to $1040 dollars. The total running costs for the used car for 12 months came to $3387.95, making the difference almost negligible. Consumer rights are the rights that are protected under law for every Australian. Car dealers,insurance companies and finance corporations are legally bound to comply with the terms and conditions of their deals. Consumers and companies are bound under government acts and policies to adhere to the loan, insurance terms & conditions and warranties. The new car has a warranty which ensures that the dealership should guarantee any faults that occur and are listed on the warranty. If they do not, you have the right to go to the Department Of Consumer Affairs, fill in a consumer complaint form and the department will act on your behalf. The dealership is obliged by law under the motor vehicle dealership act to guarantee a warranty. Even if the used car that does not have a warranty, The dealership must comply with what was advertised when selling the car or consumer affairs can support the complaint form. If you buy a car privately, there will be no warranty. You should invest in a Vehicle Inspection to determine the condition of the vehicle before you purchase. You should also check with the Personal Properties Securities Register (PPSR) to ensure that the seller has clear title on the vehicle and that any hire purchase or other loan agreements related to the vehicle have been paid out. If the seller does owe money on the vehicle, it could prevent you becoming the legal owner. You should also check the registration papers to ensure that the owner is the seller. If the vehicle is unlicensed you need to obtain proof that the seller has the right to sell the vehicle. Conclusion The total costs for the new car is $30577.68 with $4422.32 left over. The used car total costs come to $25018.09 with left over money of $9981.91. My budget allows for me to buy both either the used car or the new car with left over money from both. I have decided to buy the new car as it is covered with a warranty and my consumer rights will ensure I am covered if the dealer reneges on the contract. I also like the peace of mind of knowing that the car is new and reliable. I am not taking on a car that has been used with no guarantee on its reliability. So after all that; do I really want to buy a car? I have taken into account the costs and the legal responsibilities of buying a car, including my consumer rights and obligations .So, you know what; I am going to stick with public transport and where I have a lot of rights and no responsibilities, except to pay for my ticket and keep my mouth shut. Thanks for listening everyone and all the best for making smart choices when purchasing a vehicle.

Macbook Consumer Behaviour Analysis

Business 4274F Consumer Behaviour Individual Assignment Oct, 26, 2012 General Information MacBook Air is a series of laptop created by Apple Inc. which makes the product distinguished and remarkable due to its ultraportability and thinness and elegant style. It was originally introduced and released in Jan 29, 2008 by Steve Jobs, the previous CEO of Apple Inc. The company typically releases new models for this series annually. The most recent release was in Jun 11, 2012, which has two models, one has an 11’’ screen, and the other gets a 13’’ screen.The series of MacBook Air has been very successful since its inception. Its success is not only reflected in the vast profit it made for Apple, but also in the inspiration it gives to the whole PC manufacturing market to make ultraportable and elegant-style laptop which can also balance performance. Hardware The most important factor which makes the MacBook Air so successful, in my opinion, is the great balance of portability and power of the product.The laptop features a unibody design which makes possible to significantly reduce thickness and weight, and also it integrates with the latest CPU of Intel (3rh generation Core i5 and i7), and SSD (Solid State Drive) to give more power and capability to use. The design is another factor. The machined aluminium casing and backlit keyboard make it look elegant and handsome. This design also delivers inspiration to the PC manufacturer. Many PC manufacturers copied the design and used it to re-design their own laptop, and they call them â€Å"Ultrabook†, which is targeted the same consumers and market as the MacBook Air.Software Compared with the hardware, the software is a more distinguished component of the product. MacBook Air, as well as other Mac series, is using the Macintosh system (also called OS X system). Unlike the PC industry where manufacturer buy the system license from Microsoft, which separates the hardware and software, OS X system is solely designed by Apple with the intention to work perfectly with the hardware. The trackpad on the laptop is the best over other laptops. People can use multi-touch gestures which enables them to control the laptop naturally and smoothly as they are using the iPad.And also, the system has come with many apps designed by Apple, so that those apps have uniform style with the system and great features. Involvement I have high-involvement attitude toward MacBook Air, referring to the ABC Model of Attitude. Before I got the feels about the product, I have got some beliefs of it, as follows: 1. The logo of Apple for me has been a label of â€Å"good design† and â€Å"user-friendly† 2. I had bought iPod and iPad, so I’m sure the Mac will be suit me as the other two products do 3. A friend who also has the products told me the laptop changed his life 4.The OS X system is more beautiful than the Windows system 5. Portability is the priority because I want t o carry it with me everywhere, and Mac has it 6. The system has faster response and less virus threats than Windows 7. Mac has very good synergy with other Apple products, so it can work well with my iPad I evaluated those beliefs according to my values, which is, referred to textbook, a belief that some conditions is preferable to its opposite. My values are the preferences of efficiency, elegant style, and reliable performance.Those beliefs give me a feel that the laptop is worth buying, though it’s more expense than other laptops. And then the feel gives me the behavior, which is the intention to pay for that. This is a high-involvement attitude toward the product, because the choice process is very careful and comprehensive. This also yields a great brand loyalty to Apple, and makes me wipe all the Windows-based laptop out from my buying list. Means-end Chain Analysis Attribute-value Table Attribute Fast response Portability Elegant style Less virus threatsBenefit I can u se it anytime I need it I can carry it with me I feel happy when I see the beautiful thing I feel safe and less worries Value A more efficient life A comfortable life Pleasure Safety Synergy with my iPad More efficient to use my iPad and the Mac Efficiency Associative Network of Knowledge The associative network of knowledge starts at the laptop, which is the class-level decision, and Apple’s laptop is the most favorable product for me, because it has the most links with the positive end states.The laddering technique illustrates the most important end state is efficient and comfortable. Cheap Windows system Microsoft PC Familiar Product Comfortable Laptop Good taste Elegant Apple Thin and light Portability Expensive Safe Synergy with other product Fast response Good CPU Carrying it with me SSD Efficient Advertisement In this advertisement, the MacBook Air was put on a file bag. The comparison of the Mac and the bag makes me believe the laptop can be placed into the small bag easily.The message the ad delivers to me is very clear: the product is very handy and portable. The message delivery is very efficient, because this is what I concern about. The picture let me think about the portability of the laptop, which is the attribute of the product, and then I would think about the benefits the portability can give me, for example I can carry it with me everywhere and I won’t be tired by its weight. Last, I compared the benefits with the end values of mine, if those benefits meet the values, it yields positive attitude and feel about the product.

The rule of nutrition in bone health

Bone has chief regulation of the organic structure portion. All mass are carried with aid of bone otherwise mass is merely like a fabric. You can give illustration fabric has non prize without put fabric on organic structure. Just merely bone is supplying aid for traveling, walking, dancing and other of import function in life. Your bone is healthy or weak depends on your life manner and diet. If you are taking regular exercising and it is besides provide good energy diet. Bone is growing merely 10-18 twelvemonth old ages period. In that ages immature are along energy and good diet every bit good as supply a strong bone. In Egypt clip 2000 BC dry grapes raisin was used as intervention. Old clip from wall paintings shows that raisin was obsessional and Mediterranean and Europe used as ornament that epoch. In ancient clip raisin was extremely awards who demand worship topographic points with them and used them currency converted better alteration and as awards for athleticss events. In 1900 century modern universe California as popular san jacqium vale is produced commercial degree raisin. Raisin is a extremely good energy consumed and provides a good wellness for bone. Homeostasis is the care of a normal internal environment within organic structure. This stableness is of import for normal operation of cell tissue, organ, protein and many other substances have to be maintained at concentration including electrolytes, H2O, Na, Ca, P and Mg. Normally psychological and biochemical mechanism to modulate and command and command concentration to hemeostatic control involve negative feedback mechanism. Homeostasis upset can happen usually as failure consequence to command mechanism. Nutrition has chief function and lack for bone wellness. Your weight is checked through BMI under weight and bone is a controversial function for bone wellness. If your weight is reduced it means your nutrition diet did non provide adequate energy for bone wellness. Mass extremum bone is referred genetically for bone denseness bone. In age 20 every adult females have a batch of opportunity to develop osteoporosis disease. Bone is weak and a batch of lack due to non good care f oods. Good foods are supplying good wellness of bone. Homoeostasis ‘ is merely explicating for care nutrient and bone. Foods are indispensable factors for bone wellness otherwise castanetss are traveling to weak twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours and develop to opportunity osteoporosis. Lifestyle and exercising is besides of import function for bone wellness. Bone is healthy depends on the age. In childhood is develop to strong bone in whole life. Healthy and exercising to supplying a strong and healthy bone. Exercise is taking fresh Ca, protein and metamorphosis during exercising clip to supply for healthy castanetss. Factor exercising is besides assisting to cut down autumn strength factor, addition flexibleness and balance and better flexibleness. During clip of exercising is supplying physical activity and receive messages they need strong and able to work. Bone wellness benefit is long term footing if you are taking regular exercising. It is besides of import function bone strength and care musculus. Important dietary for bone wellness: Protein and Ca is of import drama function in bone mass gaining. During under nutrition, deficient Calories including vitamin and protein can different in brace bone development. Growth factor IGF-1 is activated action when low protein intake can be determined for skeleton musculus by formation of bone mass. Bone mineral component is soaking up in bowel to excite for factor. Phosphorus and Ca via an addition in the deliberate nephritic production hormonal signifier vitamin D. although pubertal mutant and growing factor to in pair production of IGF-1 due to intake low protein is caused to cut down for bone development. That ‘s why we find a positive association between bone mass to derive in kids and protein intake during dietetic consumption. We have a given adequate illustration from research on bone development in striplings and kids so that recommendation for bone growing and striplings in kids. Calcium soaking up is taken in balance diet with high degree of Na and protein t o increase degree Ca elimination through kidney low Ca consumption are avoided to inordinate sum of these substances. Calcium consumption can be demo the manner unequal lactose intolerance. Those who are intolerant lactose have adequate sum of lactose enzyme. Dietary dairy merchandise is breakdown and to acquire lactose or you can take lactose as pills. Some diary company to provide a milk merchandise have been treated with lactose. We have ever problem to acquire adequate consumption Ca addendums. We can acquire calcium obtain to depend how much you can dietary beginnings nutrient to provide different compounds Ca for illustration Ca citrate and Ca carbonate. The organic structure wants within Ca soaking up to acquiring adequate vitamin D of the Clairol Ca. Calcium soaking up from dietetic is to turn deficient soaking up. The chief job is calcium consumption to hive away in the skeleton musculus to consequence for new bone formation and bone wellness. Deficiency Ca, P and vitamin Calciferol: Calcium is required for bone and teeth construction, the release of neurotransmitter and initiated of musculus contraction as a cofactor for curdling factor, some enzyme activities and it is besides integral intracellular 2nd courier for a figure of endocrines. Calcium is of import for bone mass formation. The normal dietetic consumption 25 mmol Ca in one twenty-four hours is chief dietetic addendum by the soaking up of Ca from GI subdivision. Normally we released 25mmol Ca through fecal matters. Calcium is the most often dietetic mineral 25000mmol in one kg contain Ca. Bone is consist 99 per centum of Ca. About 500 mmol Ca is day-to-day transferred through ECF and bone. The ECF contain usually 25 mmol of Ca and plasma is present 9 mmol of Ca. Parathyroid endocrine is secreted by the parathyroid secretory organs is response to a autumn of concentration of plasma ionised Ca and via versa. It stimulates the release of Ca from bone. A procedure called bone response. Cytokines and prosta glandins ‘ released by tumors that have metastasized to the castanetss may take to increased Ca Restoration of Ca. In primary hyperparathyroidism occurs most normally due to a parathyroid adenoma, which is begin tumors, and merely seldom due to parathyroid postmenopausal adult females. In primary hyperparathyroidism there is inordinate PTH secernment that causes hypocalcemia and sometimes hypophostemia which increased bone turnover peculiarly of the metaphases. Familiar hypocalciuric hypocalcemia is a normal autosomal dominant status that develops from childhood. It is chronic hypocalcemia feature but it is normally symptomless with usually PTH degree and no parathyroid adenoma. The mechanism underlying this status in known but TB and sacoidosis are granulomatous disease. Phosphorous combine Ca to from hydroxyapatite, the mineral constituent of dentitions and bone and it is requirement enzymatic activity, synthesis of 2-3-byphosphoglycerate and oxidative phosphorylastion and all membrane dependability. In the mean male is incorporating 20000 mmol with 17000 discoveries in bone and 3000 in soft tissue mostly attached with protein and lipid. Hyperphosphatemia may do metastatic calcification for illustration Ca P deposition in soft tissue as the extra Ca precipitates and cause hypocalcemia and colossus in accomplished patient. Nephritic failure is chief cause of hyperphosphatemia where GFR and phosphate diminution. There is different type of biochemical trials to utile when look intoing hyperphosphatemia. These include formative the phosphate and Ca concentration and serum keratinize and the concentration of phosphate piss. The undermentioned technique has proved utile probe obscure cause of hyperphosphatemia. A deficiency of vitamin D impairs mineralization of matrix bone doing rachitiss in kids and osteomacia in grownup. Ricketss result in malformations of the legs that bow due to organic structure tallness, weight, skull, ribs and pelvic girdle. During 1950 rachitiss was first clip discovered in UK by munition of infant nutrients with vitamin D. unluckily some susceptible kids suffer vitamin D toxicity and developed hypocalcemia. As an result the sum of vitamin D added to nutrient was reduced and rackets reappeared. Overt rickets is now rare in UK although subclinical rachitiss affect about 10 per centum of immature kids. Osteomalacia cause strivings in bone particularly of the legs and pelvic girdle and there is an increased susceptibleness to break of the long legs following minor injury. It is non uncommon in the uk particularly among adult females of some cultural parts because of their deficiency of exposure to sunlight during solitude and the erosion of traditional apparels. Exces s of vitamin D is once more, mostly associated with the overconsumption of vitamin addendums. Toxicity is due to overstimulation of Ca soaking up from the backbones and the inordinate Restoration from the bone which consequence in its demineralisation. The weakening of the bone and hypocalcemia promote metastatic calcification and inclination in the patient to organize kidney rock. Osteoporosis: Osteoporosis is a disease on the patient BMD degree as uttered T in every bit adult females and work forces. There are different pin autumn to explicate for osteoporosis degree. Osteoporoses are given information for bone, strength and non explicate for bone denseness. Osteoporosis has a intervention and bar to maintenance bone wellness and nutrition has play of import function for biological procedure. Calcium and P has of import regulation to usually 90 percent mineral content in bone. Organic matrix protein is incorporated in bone collagen upon with mineral content occurs. Metabolic procedure in bone is chief function for vitamin. Mentions: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.jacn.org/cgi/content/full/19/6/715 There are different phases for bone growing in adult females throughout in lives. A adult females has foremost two decennary bone are growing both breadth and length. In immature adult females is develop bone mass to travel PBM. Calcium is chief function for bone wellness and at least 300 mg per twenty-four hours. At the accomplishment of teenage old ages, bone continues to increase in denseness and thickness into immature maturity, when PBM is achieved. It has been assumed that persons with higher PBM achieved in early in-between age will be at minor hazard for merely get downing osteoporosis later in life. Ethnity: In UK 3 million people are effected osteoporosis and at least 23000 breaks every twelvemonth. In immature adult females, kids and work forces can besides consequence on menopausal castanetss are strongest and thickness in early immature age. Asiatic population demographic displacement with aging are increased osteoporosis in modern states. Osteoporosis epidemiology information and break fragile in Asian is thin and X raies are limited service in most Asiatic states. Normative informations population for bone denseness are less lactation, para, nutrition position, ethnity and business are few factor to impact bone denseness in this part and VITAMINE D lack job in all over the universe. In UK and world-wide osteoporosis are chief factors to personify loss and eating upset. Bone mass is associated with low bodyweight in immature people and hazard break and bone loss in older individual. Calcium, P and vitamin are chief alimentary to supply strong bone and thickness otherwise low weight to symbol of weak bone. Women and immature misss are at punctilious hazard of convert scraggy due to inordinate concern stay slim. In Asiatic and African community are less job for osteoporosis due to eating upset but besides have job for weak bone. In 3rd states have increased degree osteoporosis because food has a lack of chief food? 92 states as 94 societies, part around the universe are member of IOF. These society both medical society and patient are worked in the broad scope for osteoporosis. Many information patient offer, run self group and telephone are given osteoporosis patient. Bone wellness and food: Bone is reduced and less denseness weight to explicate osteoporosis disease. The castanetss can go delicate and porous, or weak skeleton and a batch of hazard of breaks. The bone loss occurs increasingly and saliently and most normally at the spinal column, carpus and hip are first break without any symptoms. Normally 5 work forces is out 50 has break due to osteoporosis and different ratio 3 adult females out of 50. Thymine is besides fact on your life manner, good wellness, and good nutrition and genetically has become cause of the breaks of the bone. Healthy bone and balance diet is besides depend on the good nutrition and good diet consist adequate Calories and normal protein, saccharide and fat every bit good as other mineral and vitamin. In adolescences kids good nutrient to assist for strong bone and it has less opportunity to impact osteoporosis chronic disease. In older and immature people, alimentary nutrient is supplying strong bone. It is besides aid for recovery break re ally rapidly. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.iofbonehealth.org/osteofound/filemanager/patients_and_public/images/food.jpg Mentions: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.iofbonehealth.org/patients-public/about-osteoporosis/prevention/nutrition.html Atkins diet was introduced in 1930 with good food and less fat nutrient. Atkins diet has received excessively much popularity and one of this most popular of those diet with saccharide and tonss of vitamin. Atkins diet with include cereals nutrient and tonss of fresh veggie and fruit. Alternatively eat generous sum of domestic fowl, meat, pick and butter. Carbohydrate is advancing insulin to assist for care for wellness. The organic structure is response to rapidly by using stored animal starch for energy and cut downing organic structure weight and besides aid for strong bone wellness. The plan for a typical Atkins diet consists of four stage ‘s debut, ongoing weight loss, premaintenance and a concluding life clip maintence phase. A good diet is besides forestalling for merely like osteoporosis disease and besides provides a strong and good wellness castanetss. Foods are dwelling of vitamin, protein, hint component and Ca nutrient. Calcium and phosphoric are besides chief part s of the bone. Bone strong and weak is depending on Ca and phosphoric concentration in bone cell. Exercise, diet, lifestyle and other factors: Exercise is chief function for bone wellness. If you are making day-to-day everyday exercising to helpful for older age. In immature age is supplying good healthy castanetss and long life castanetss. Exercise is taking fresh Ca, protein and metamorphosis during exercising clip to supply for healthy castanetss. Factor exercising is besides assisting to cut down autumn strength factor, addition flexibleness and balance and better flexibleness. During clip of exercising is supplying physical activity and receive messages they need strong and able to work. Bone wellness benefit is long term footing if you are taking regular exercising. It is besides of import function bone strength and care musculus. Life manner is besides of import factors to supplying strong musculus and healthy bone. Nutrient has chief portion for life style if you are taking good nutrient. It means to state you are taking every good food for supplying strong and healthy castanetss. Less foods diet is besides create a tonss of disease for illustration weak bone racket disease, osteoporosis and lack Ca and phosphoric disease. Drinking is really bad wont to lose your wellness and every bit good as bone wellness. Healthy castanetss are supplying a good wellness. Drinking is loss immature metabolic metamorphosis to make a tonss of job in your wellness. Medicine is besides damage your bone and besides damage kidney, liver and other parts of the organic structure. Smoke is more bad consequence for your bone. Bone is loss day-to-day wellness and failing. Your bone is more failing merely like an 80 old ages old individual. Smoke is less heal to retrieve for break bone and it is besides loss your bone mineral salt. Vitamin D is chief function for bone wellness. You must take half hr sunlight energy to supply to do vitamin D. Eating upset is chief factor for bone wellness. You can non take any good food for your bone wellness because cistron is damage your harm your nutrient food. Some physicians intervention for osteoporosis is preferred merely drug intervention non other intervention. During intervention is supplying good nutrient which consists is a batch of mineral and vitamin.